This site uses cookies.
Some of these cookies are essential to the operation of the site,
while others help to improve your experience by providing insights into how the site is being used.
For more information, please see the ProZ.com privacy policy.
Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
Data security
This person has a SecurePRO™ card. Because this person is not a ProZ.com Plus subscriber, to view his or her SecurePRO™ card you must be a ProZ.com Business member or Plus subscriber.
Affiliations
This person is not affiliated with any business or Blue Board record at ProZ.com.
German to English: Medieval Germany General field: Art/Literary Detailed field: History
Source text - German Die Geschichte Deutschlands beginnt nach herkömmlicher Auffassung mit der Entstehung des römisch-deutschen Königtums im 10./11. Jahrhundert, wenngleich sich damit noch lange keine „deutsche Identität“ entwickelte.
Die deutsche Sprache ist seit dem 8. Jahrhundert als eigenständige, in eine Vielzahl von Dialekten unterteilte und sich weiterentwickelnde Sprache fassbar.
Die Bewohner des Reiches waren vor allem Nachfahren von Germanen und Kelten, im Westen jedoch auch von römischen Siedlern und im Osten von westslawischen Stämmen, den sogenannten Wenden oder Elbslawen.
Das römisch-deutsche Reich entwickelte sich im Frühmittelalter aus dem Ostfrankenreich, das wiederum infolge der Krise des fränkischen Reichs im 9. Jahrhundert entstanden war.
Das Herrschergeschlecht der Ottonen konnte im 10. Jahrhundert die westliche („römische“) Kaiserwürde erlangen und legte die Grundlage für das seit dem späten 13. Jahrhundert so genannte Heilige Römische Reich.
Ottonen sowie die nachfolgenden Salier und Staufer stützten sich in unterschiedlicher Ausprägung auf die Reichskirche.
Die mittelalterlichen römisch-deutschen Kaiser sahen sich in der Tradition des antiken Römischen Reichs (Reichsidee), wobei es wiederholt zu Spannungen zwischen den Universalmächten Kaisertum und Papsttum kam.
Bereits gegen Ende der staufischen Dynastie (12./13. Jahrhundert) verlor das Königtum an Macht.
Die römisch-deutschen Könige waren aber ohnehin nie absolute Herrscher, vielmehr wurde der Aspekt konsensualer Herrschaft des Königtums im Verbund mit den Großen betont.
Im Gegensatz zu den westeuropäischen Monarchien England und Frankreich, entwickelte sich im römisch-deutschen Reich nie eine zentralisierte Reichsherrschaft.
Die Macht der vielen Landesherren nahm im Spätmittelalter weiter zu, die Goldene Bulle Karls IV. legte eine kurfürstliche Wahlmonarchie fest.
Diese Form einer dezentralisierten Herrschaft, die durchaus auch Vorteile hatte, begründete letztlich die Tradition des deutschen Föderalismus.
Im Spätmittelalter kam es außerdem zum Aufstieg des Städtewesens.
Translation - English According to traditional belief, the history of Germany begins with the establishment of the roman-german royalty of the 10th/11th centuries, even though no "german identity" had yet developed.
From they 8th century, the German language is tangible as an independent and further developing language, subdivided into a multitude of dialects.
The inhabitants of the empire were for the most part descendants of Teutons and Celts. In the west, they were also descended from roman settlers and in the east from west Slavic tribes, the so-called Wends or Elb Slavs.
The roman-german empire grew out of the East Frankish Empire in the early middle ages, which in turn came about through the crisis of the Frankish Empire in the 9th century.
The ruling Ottonian dynasty was able to obtain the title of emperor in the 10th century and laid the groundwork for the so-called Holy Roman Empire from the late 13th century.
The Ottonians as well as the succeeding Salian and Staufer dynasties based themselves in different manifestations on the imperial church.
The medieval roman-german emperors saw themselves in the tradition of the ancient Roman Empire (Reichsidee), whereby it repeatedly came to tension between the universal powers of empire and papacy.
Already at the end of the Staufer dynasty (12th/13th centuries), the monarchy had lost its power.
The roman-german kings were, however, never absolute rulers, rather the aspect of consensual rule by the monarchy together with the nobility was emphasized.
In contrast to the west european monarchies of England and France, centralized imperial control never developed in the roman-german empire.
The power of many sovereigns grew in the the late middle ages. The Golden Bull of Charles IV specified an electoral monarchy.
This form of decentralized rule, which definitely had its advantages, ultimately established the tradition of german federalism.
Furthermore, this gave rise to city states in the late middle ages.
More
Less
Translation education
Master's degree - Albert Ludwigs Universität, Freiburg, Germany
Learning languages has been my passion since childhood. I’ve always enjoyed coming to a greater understanding of the intricate differences between them. This interest has naturally led me to a career as a professional freelance translator. My travel experience has deepened my awareness of the need for accurate translations.
English is the modern lingua franca, the international language of business and commerce. Many non-native speakers of English use it to communicate across linguistics barriers. Therefore it is imperative that translations into English be highly accurate. This is to ensure minimal confusion, especially on the part of those whose native tongue may not be English. As a native speaker, I notice that even the smallest error in an English translation is often enough to hinder meaning and confuse the intended audience.
With these native English skills as well as a high-level proficiency in German, I translate text from German into English. Since the general rule-of-thumb among translators is that one only translates into his/her native language, I only translate in the direction of German to English.
Portfolio 