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French to Slovak: LHistoire de la France de 1384 à 1852 :Le roi et la nation face à l‘adversité 1685-1715 General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: History
Source text - French Un comportement utilitaire tend à remplacer le comportement traditionnel. De plus en plus nombreux sont les mariages entre gentilshommes pauvres et filles de riches roturiers. ¨Si le financier manque son coup, les courtisans disent de lui: c'est un bourgeois, un homme de rien, un malotru; s'il réussit, ils lui demandent sa fille¨( La Bruyère). En dépit, des satires, ces alliances se multiplient. Et peut-être ce fait social correspond-il à une évolution de la mentalité. Peut-être a-t-on commencé à penser, entre 1661 et 1715, que les anciennes classifications n'avaient plus de valeur. Peut-être commençait-on à passer, lentement, de la société d'ordres à une société fondée sur des distinctions d'origine financière.
Des aspects éternels aux formes actuelles
Cette altération de l'ordre social traditionnel a vivement frappé les contemporains. L'extraordinaire succès de Caractères de La Bruyère en constitue la preuve la plus éclatante.Les dramaturges traitent maintenant des sujets liés à la "question d'argent" : Dancourt, avec ses comédies de moeurs, la Loterie (1697) et les Agioteurs (1710); Regnard, avec le Joueur (1696) et le Légataire universel (1708); enfin, Lesage, qui crée le type de Turcaret (1709), aventurier cynique, ancien laquais devenu fermier général. L'intrigue cesse d'être l'objet principal de la pièce, et tend à devenir le simple support d'une étude précise des moeurs contemporaines. Ce ne sont plus, comme dans la première partie du règne, les aspects éternels de l'homme qui retiennent l'attention, mais les formes actuelles de la vie. Les arts plastiques portent, eux aussi, la trace es circonstances nouvelles. Sans doute Versailles demeure-t-il une entreprise ouverte, jusqu'à la fin du règne, à la plupart des talents. Mais, faute d'argent, certains ouvrages, comme l'aqueduc de Maintenon, ne peuvent être terminés. Après la ,ort de Le Brun (1690), l'esthétique imposée aux arts ne peut plus être fermement maintenue. Décorateurs et peintres trouvent de nouveaux mécènes: les financiers, qui provoquent un reflux de l'esprit créateur vers Paris. Un courant artistique, jusque-là masqué par ma doctrine officielle, reparaît.
L’extrait du livre :
DUBY, G. et al.: Histoire de la France 2. : Dynasties et Révolutions : de 1348 à 1852. Paris : Larousse, 1994. 543 p.
Translation - Slovak Tradičné správanie bolo nahradené utilitaristickým. Svadby medzi urodzenými chudobnými šľachticmi a dcérami bohatých mešťanov sú čoraz častejšie. „Ak má finančník neúspech, dvorania o ňom hovoria : „Je to meštiačik, maličký človek, hlupák;“ ak sa mu darí, požiadajú jeho dcéru o ruku.“ (La Bruyère)1 Aj napriek výsmechu spoločnosti počet nerovných zväzkov stúpa. Možno tento spoločenský fakt súvisí s evolúciou mentality. Možno sa v rozmedzí rokov 1661 a 1715 začalo uvažovať o bezcennosti starého delenia na spoločenské vrstvy. Možno sa začal pomalý prerod stavovskej spoločnosti na spoločnosť založenú na finančných rozdieloch medzi ľuďmi.
Od aspektov večného človeka ku každodennému životu
Súčasníkov veľmi zasiahla zmena tradičného spoločenského usporiadania. Najžiarivejším dôkazom je obrovský úspech La Bruyèrových Charakterov (les Charactères). Témou divadelných hier začala byť „otázka peňazí“ : Dancourt ju rozoberá vo svojich mravoučných komédiách Lotéria (la Loterie) (1697) a Makléri (les Agioteurs) (1710), Regnard v Hráčovi (le Joueur) (1696) a v Univerzálnom dedičovi (Le Légataire universel) (1708), a nakoniec Le Sage vytvorí postavu Turaceta (1709), cynického dobrodruha, bývalého lokaja, ktorý sa stane generálnym nájomcom. Zápletka už nie je stredobodom hry, iba podporuje dôslednú štúdiu mravov vtedajšej spoločnosti. Už to viac nie sú, tak ako to bolo počas prvej časti obdobia panovania Ľudovíta XIV., aspekty večného človeka, na ktoré sa upriamuje pozornosť, ale bežný, každodenný život. Výtvarné umenie je takisto ovplyvnené novými spoločenskými zmenami. Versailles bol bezpochyby až do konca kraľovania otvorený pre väčšinu talentov. No kvôli nedostatku peňazí niektoré z diel ako napríklad maintenonský vodovod nemohli byť dokončené. Po Lebrunovej smrti (1690) už nebolo možné zachovať nanútenú estetickú jednotu umenia. Dekoratéri a maliari si našli nových mecenášov : finančníkov, ktorí spôsobili odliv umelcov do Paríža. Znovu sa objavuje umelecký smer, ktorý bol až doteraz potláčaný oficiálnou doktrínou.
Výňatok z knihy:
DUBY, G. et al.: Histoire de la France 2. : Dynasties et Révolutions : de 1348 à 1852. Paris : Larousse, 1994. 543 p.
1 : LA BRUYÈRE, J.: Charaktery alebo mravy tohto storočia. Bratislava : Slovenský spisovateľ, 1987. s. 107
Chinese to Slovak: The Fertilizer Registration Notice issued by Chinese Ministry of Agriculture General field: Other Detailed field: Agriculture
Translation - Slovak MINISTERSTVO POĽNOHOSPODÁRSTVA – OZNÁMENIE O REGISTRÁCII HNOJIVA NA OBHAJOBU
Reg.číslo produktu : XXXX
Slovenská spoločnosť XXXX:
Reg. číslo Vášho produktu je XXXX.
Toto číslo je zaregistrované v našej databáze, kde sú uložené všetky dôležité informácie ohľadom produktu. Pri kontakte s našou inštitúciou ohľadom registrácie, použite prosím uvedené reg. číslo.
Prvý krok pri registrácii Vášho produktu je kompletný a Vaša žiadosť o registráciu bola odovzdaná na posúdenie Komisii Ministerstva Poľnohospodárstva.
Prosím, účasť na obhajobe pred komisiou potvrdite odoslaním vyplnenej a opečiatkovanej návratky (v prílohe) do 10 pracovných dní od prijatia.
Príloha : Návratka
Chinese to English: Acute Oral Toxicity - Report of Testing General field: Science Detailed field: Agriculture
Translation - English Heilongjiang County Public Health Testing Centre
Report of Testing
Name of the sample: XXXX
Date of Sample Delivery: X.X.20XX
Type of Testing: Acute oral toxicity test
End of Testing: X.X.20XX
I. Sample and Animals
1.Sample: XXX, black colored liquid, delivered by XXXX Ltd, the delivered sample represents the product.
2. Animals: the white Kunming mice were provided by XXXX, same number of female and male, weight 19 -21 g, certificate of conformity : XXXX 2010-0001.
3. Feeding conditions: Controlled. License No.: XXXX, Temperature 23 ± 2˚, Humidity 55±10%.
Feed was provided by XXXX, License No.: XXXX
II. Testing method
1.Testing framework : in accordance with " Requirements for Acute Toxicity Test for Evaluation of Fertilizers" (NY1980-2010).
2. Testing method: Limited testing. At first 20 healthy mice were divided into two group of 10 according to gender. The night before testing, they were not fed, only allowed to drink water. We took 5000mg of the sample and added 20 ml of distilled water, according to 20ml/kg*BW formula and then we orally fed it to the testing animals, after two hours, we fed them with feed, exposure dose 5000mg * BW. The animals were observed during next 14 days, the observation focused on signs of poisoning and the mortality.
III. Results
After administration of the dose, we observed the animals for 14 days. Animals did not show any symptoms of poisoning nor any of animals died.
After the test, the autopsy was performed. No change on organs was found.
IV.Findings
According to " Requirements for Acute Toxicity Test for Evaluation of Fertilizers" (NY1980-2010), this sample's LD50> 5000mg/kg *BW and the sample is in fact not poisonous.
Slovak to English: Translation of Label of Fertilizer General field: Marketing Detailed field: Agriculture
Source text - Slovak Orchidey - kvapalné organominerálne hnojivo s aminokyselinami a humínovými kyselinami
URČENÉ NA: Orchidey
CHARAKTERISTIKA: Organominerálne hnojivo - XXX - kvapalný – Orchidey - je vyrobené z keratínu. Obsahuje aminokyseliny, vápnik, horčík, železo ,stopové prvky (molybdén, meď, bór, mangán, zinok) a humínové látky (kyselín).
Táto kombinácia zaručuje mimoriadne výrazné povzbudenie rastu rastlín. XXX výrazne podporuje príjem makro a mikro živín rastlinami. Účinok hnojiva podporuje reprodukciu a vitalitu rastlín, čím sa zvyšuje odolnosť voči chorobám a škodcom. Rastlina je odolnejšia voči stresom. Humínové kyseliny zvyšujú obsah chlorofylu v rastlinách, zvyšuje sa absorpcia fotónov, čím sa zlepšuje fotosyntéza aj pri nižšej intenzite svetla. Hnojením sa predlžuje doba kvitnutia a zvyšuje sa množstvo a farebná sýtosť kvetov.
DÁVKOVANIE: Pred použitím obsah fľaše dôkladne premiešajte. Hnojíme zálievkou. Mladé a čerstvo presadené rastliny hnojíme zmiešaním 1-3 ml hnojiva s 1 litrom vody, u ostatných je to 2,5-3 ml hnojiva na 1 liter vody raz za 2-3 týždne. Zálievka pri orchideách, ktoré tvoria cibule sa robí vtedy keď je substrát takmer suchý.
Tie, čo netvoria cibule,musia mať substrát mierne suchý, kým sa zopakuje zálievka. Nikdy nehnojíme počas vegetačného pokoja – v zime, výnimočne raz za mesiac.
Hnojenie ponorením sa robí pri každom treťom ponorení tak, že 5 ml hnojiva primiešame do 1 litra vody vo vedre do ktorého ponoríme črepník s rastlinou.
Translation - English Orchids - liquid organic-mineral fertilizer with amino acids and humic acids
INTENDED FOR: Orchids
CHARACTERISTICS: Organic-mineral fertilizer - XXX - liquid - Orchids - is made of keratin. It contains amino acids, calcium, magnesium, iron, trace elements (molybdenum, copper, boron, manganese, zinc) and humic substances (acids).
This combination ensures extremely strongly encourage plant growth. XXX strongly promotes the uptake of macro and micro nutrients by plants. Effect of fertilizer encourages reproduction and vitality of plants, thereby increasing resistance to pests and diseases. The plant is more resistant to stress. Humic acids increase the content of chlorophyll in plants, increases the absorption of photons, thereby improving photosynthesis at lower light intensity. Fertilization extending the period of flowering and increases the amount of flowers and color saturation.
DOSAGE :Before using, mix content of the bottle thoroughly. Fertilize by watering. Young and repotted plants fertilize by mixing 1-3 ml with 1 liter of water, in other cases mix 2.5 to 3 ml of fertilizer per 1 liter of water every 2-3 weeks. Fertilization of orchids that have bulbs is done when the substrate is almost dry.
Those orchids which do not form bulbs must have slightly dry substrate. Only then the fertilization can be done. Never fertilize during dormancy - in winter, exceptionally once a month.
Fertilization by immersing is done every third immersion. To prepare the solution, mix 5 ml of fertilizer into 1 liter of water. Pour it into a bucket and plunge there pot with the plant.
English to Slovak: China Leads Major Countries with $34.6 Billion Invested in Clean Technology General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - English China Leads Major Countries with $34.6 Billion Invested in Clean Technology
China, Brazil and other developing countries are pouring billions of dollars into efforts to reduce carbon emissions and build up renewable energy markets, a trend that some experts say has turned the traditional climate change debate on its head.
A growing body of studies detail the government subsidies, regulatory policies and private investments that have sent money flowing into the clean energy sectors of some of the leading developing countries. The most recent report, out today from the Pew Environment Group, finds that China for the first time now leads the United States and all other major countries in green energy markets. Its private investments of $34.6 billion in 2009 alone are almost double America's.
Advocates of U.S. climate change legislation say the foreign buildup is a sign that America is falling behind in a global clean energy race. But many also feel it has blunted some of the sharpest demands from both rich and poor nations in the climate fight -- specifically developing countries' insistence that the West pay for any shift to low-carbon energy economies.
"The industrializing poor countries themselves have suddenly, in the space of two years, left that argument behind. It's been invalidated by their own behavior," said David Wheeler, a senior fellow at the Center for Global Development.
China aims to spend 34 percent of its $586 billion stimulus package on green projects, as well as $100 billion to upgrade the rail and transmission grid systems that one report calls the "backbone of China's clean energy economy." Brazil has invested more than $11 billion into ethanol production and has created a $1 billion conservation fund to help meet its 36 percent emissions reduction pledge.
Meanwhile, India, Wheeler pointed out in a report, is poised to demand that the country's utilities buy a minimum of 5 percent of their grid purchase from renewable energy sources this year, with an increase to 15 percent by 2020. The incremental cost: $50 billion. That, others note, is on top of India's unilateral pledge to reduce its carbon intensity by 24 percent.
Translation - Slovak Čína je na čele kľučových krajín s investíciou 34,6 miliárd dolárov do čistých technológií
Čína, Brazília a ostatné rozvojové krajiny investujú miliardy dolárov do úsilia o zníženie uhlíkových emisií a vybudovania trhov obnoviteľných energií. Trend, o ktorom niektorí odborníci tvrdia, že postavil na hlavu tradičné diskusie o zmene klímy.
Rastúci počet štúdií sa detailne zaoberá vládnymi dotáciami, regulačnými politikami a súkromnými investíciami, ktoré zabezpečili toky financií do odvetví čistých energií niektorých z popredných rozvojových krajín. Pew Enviroment Group dnes publikovala najnovšiu správu, v ktorej konštatuje, že Čína po prvýkrát vedie pred Spojenými štátmi a ostatnými kľúčovými krajinami na trhoch s ekologickou energiou. Čínske súkromné investície dosiahli len v roku 2009 výšku 34,6 miliárd dolárov a sú takmer dvojnásobkom amerických.
Americkí zástancovia legislatívy o zmene klímy tvrdia, že nahromadenie zahraničných investícií je znamením, že USA zaostáva v globálnych pretekoch o čisté energie. Na druhej strane si však mnohí myslia, že to zmiernilo niektoré z najvyhrotenejších požiadaviek bohatých aj chudobných národov v boji o klímu -- konkrétne naliehanie rozvojových krajín, že by im mal Západ zaplatiť za akýkoľvek posun k nízkouhlíkovému energetickému hospodárstvu.
„Samotné chudobné rozvojové krajiny sa odrazu, v priestore dvoch rokov, tejto požiadavky vzdali. Bola vyvrátená ich vlastným správaním,"povedal David Wheeler, vedúci pracovník Centra pre globálny rozvoj.
Čína plánuje utratiť 34 percent z 586 miliárd dolárov zo stimulačného balíka na ekologické projekty, rovnako ako 100 miliárd dolárov na modernizáciu systémov prenosových sietí, ktorý jedna správa nazýva „chrbtovou kosťou čínskeho hospodárstva založeného na čistej energii." Brazília investovala viac než 11 miliárd dolárov do výroby etanolu a vytvorila 1 miliardový ochranný fond, ktorý má za cieľ pomôcť Brazílii splniť záväzok na zníženie emisií o 36 percent.
Zatiaľ čo je India, ako v správe uvádza Wheeler, pripravená žiadať, aby minimálne 5 percent z nákupu energií pre svoje verejné služby bolo tento rok zakúpených z obnoviteľných zdrojov energie, s nárastom na 15 percent do roku 2020. Prírastok nákladov: 50 miliárd dolárov. To je, ako poznamenávajú iní, top prioritou indického unilaterálneho záväzku na zníženie emisií uhlíka o 24 percent.
English to Slovak: The New England Journal of Medicine: Chocolate Consumption, Cognitive Function, and Nobel Laureates General field: Medical
Source text - English The New England Journal of Medicine
Chocolate Consumption, Cognitive Function, and Nobel Laureates
Dietary flavonoids, abundant in plant-based foods, have been shown to improve cognitive function. Specifically, a reduction in the risk of dementia, enhanced performance on some cognitive tests, and improved cognitive function in elderly patients with mild impairment have been associated with a regular intake of flavonoids. 1,2
A subclass of flavonoids called flavanols, which are widely present in cocoa, green tea, red wine, and some fruits, seems to be effective in slowing down or even reversing the reductions in cognitive performance that occur with aging. 3,4
Dietary flavanols have also been shown to improve endothelial function and to lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation in the peripheral vasculature and in the brain. Improved cognitive performance with the administration of a cocoa polyphenolic extract has even been reported in aged Wistar–Unilever rats.5
Since chocolate consumption could hypothetically improve cognitive function not only in individuals but also in whole populations, I wondered whether there would be a correlation between a country's level of chocolate consumption and its
population's cognitive function.
To my knowledge, no data on overall national cognitive function are publicly available. Conceivably, however, the total number of Nobel laureates per capita could serve as a surrogate end point reflecting the
proportion with superior cognitive function and thereby give us some measure of the overall cognitive function of a given country.
A list of countries ranked in terms of Nobel laureates per capita was downloaded from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Nobel_laureates_per_capita). Because the population of a country is substantially higher than its number of Nobel laureates, the numbers had to be multiplied by 10 million. Thus, the numbers must be read as the number of Nobel laureates for every 10 million persons in a given country.
All Nobel Prizes that were awarded through October 10, 2011, were included. Data on per capita yearly chocolate consumption
in 22 countries was obtained from Chocosuisse (www.chocosuisse.ch/web/chocosuisse/en/home), Theobroma-cacao
(www.theobromacacao.de/wissen/wirtschaft/international/konsum), and Caobisco (www.caobisco.com/page.asp?p=213).
Data were available from 2011 for 1 country (Switzerland), from 2010 for 15 countries, from 2004 for 5 countries, and from 2002 for 1
country (China).
There was a close, significant linear correlation (r=0.791, P
Translation - Slovak The New England Journal of Medicine
Spotreba čokolády, kognitívne funkcie a nositelia Nobelovej ceny
Dietary flavonoids, abundant in plant-based foods, have been shown to improve cognitive function. Specifically, a reduction in the risk of dementia, enhanced performance on some cognitive tests, and improved cognitive function in elderly patients with mild impairment have been associated with a regular intake of flavonoids. 1,2
A subclass of flavonoids called flavanols, which are widely present in cocoa, green tea, red wine, and some fruits, seems to be effective in slowing down or even reversing the reductions in cognitive performance that occur with aging. 3,4
Dietary flavanols have also been shown to improve endothelial function and to lower blood pressure by causing vasodilation in the peripheral vasculature and in the brain. Improved cognitive performance with the administration of a cocoa polyphenolic extract has even been reported in aged Wistar–Unilever rats.5
Since chocolate consumption could hypothetically improve cognitive function not only in individuals but also in whole populations, I wondered whether there would be a correlation between a country's level of chocolate consumption and its
population's cognitive function.
To my knowledge, no data on overall national cognitive function are publicly available. Conceivably, however, the total number of Nobel laureates per capita could serve as a surrogate end point reflecting the
proportion with superior cognitive function and thereby give us some measure of the overall cognitive function of a given country.
A list of countries ranked in terms of Nobel laureates per capita was downloaded from Wikipedia (http://en.wikipedia.org
/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Nobel_laureates_per_capita). Because the population of a country is substantially higher than its number of Nobel laureates, the numbers had to be multiplied by 10 million. Thus, the numbers must be read as the number of Nobel laureates for every 10 million persons in a given country.
All Nobel Prizes that were awarded through October 10, 2011, were included. Data on per capita yearly chocolate consumption
in 22 countries was obtained from Chocosuisse (www.chocosuisse.ch/web/chocosuisse/en/home), Theobroma-cacao
(www.theobromacacao.de/wissen/wirtschaft/international/konsum), and Caobisco (www.caobisco.com/page.asp?p=213).
Data were available from 2011 for 1 country (Switzerland), from 2010 for 15 countries, from 2004 for 5 countries, and from 2002 for 1
country (China).
There was a close, significant linear correlation (r=0.791, P
Chinese (HanBan-Confucius Institute, verified) French to Slovak (Presov University in Presov, verified) English to Slovak (MA in Applied and Foreign Linguistics) Chinese to Slovak (NEW HSK certificate level 5) Chinese to English (NEW HSK certificate level 5)
Slovak to English (MA in Applied and Foreign Linguistics)
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