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Freelance translator and/or interpreter, Verified site user
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English to Korean: Heterotrophic cultivation of Euglena gracilis Z for efficient production of α -tocopherol General field: Science Detailed field: Biology (-tech,-chem,micro-)
Source text - English Discussion
A good knowledge of the sensitivity of cells to hydrodynamic stress is essential to optimize culture conditions (aeration and agitation rates) in jar fermentors. The effects of hydrodynamic stress on the growth of plant cells (Tanaka, 1981), animal cells (Al-Rubeai, et al., 1995), fungi (Tanaka et al., 1975), various algae and bacteria (Markl et al., 1991) have been reported, but to the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on Euglena gracilis. With Chlorella cells, we observed that an agitation speed of 500 rpm in a jar fermentor with baffle plates had no significant effect on cell growth (results not shown). The sensitivity of Euglena to increased agitation speed may be due to its lack of rigid cell walls. The increase in the absorbance of the cell-free upernatant at 260 nm at high hydrodynamic
stress is consistent with the results reported
for mycelia and shows that nucleic acid related substances leaked from the cells into the culture broth as the hydrodynamic stress was increased (Tanaka et al.,1975). It seems that one of the ways Euglena respond to stress is to become spherical. This phenomenon was also reported in a vitamin B12 deficient medium (Miyatake, 1986). However, this response seems to be a temporary one, since (except in extremely high ydrodynamic stress condition when the cells are killed) it was observed that when the spherical cells were transferred to a low hydrodynamic stress condition, they recovered and became long. Also Figure 3 implies that the cells can adapt to moderate hydrodynamic stress. They initially become spherical (24 h in Figure 3) but
by the 72 h they had adapted and thus became as long as they were before cultivation. The results show that although the resistance of Euglena gracilisto hydrodynamic stress is high enough to permit its efficient cultivation in jar fermentors, the agitation speed should be reduced to a minimum required to maintain complete mixing inside the reactor.
Translation - Korean 연구 결과 검토
유체역학적 압력에 대한 세포의 민감도를 정확히 이해하는 것은 공기 주입 정도와 교반 속도와 같은 배양 조건을 최적화함에 있어 반드시 필요하다. 유체역학적 압력이 식물 세포의 성장에 미치는 영향(Tanaka, 1981), 동물 세포에 미치는 영향(Al-Rubeai, et al., 1995), 균체에 미치는 영향(Tanaka et al., 1991), 다양한 조류와 박테리아에 미치는 영향(Markl et al., 1991)이 연구된 바 있다. 하지만 Euglena gracilis에 대해 유체역학적 압력이 미치는 영향은 본 연구를 통해 최초로 검증되었다. 본 연구진이 관측한 바에 따르면 클로렐라 세포는 베플판이 달린 발효기 내 500rpm의 교반 속도에서도 유의미한 세포 성장의 변화가 보이지 않았다. 그런데 Euglena gracilis가 교반 속도에 민감한 것은 아마도 세포벽이 충분히 단단하지 않은데 그 원인이 있는 것 같다. 260nm의 무세포 상청액에서 유체역학적 압력을 높였을 때 빛 흡수력이 높아진 것은 균사에 관한 연구 결과와 일치하는 사항이다. 또한 유체역학적 압력이 높아질 때 핵산 관련 물질이 세포에서 유리되는 모습을 보였다(Tanaka et al., 1975). 유체역학적 압력에 대응하여 Euglena gracilis는 구체의 모습을 갖춘다. 이와 동일한 현상이 비타민 결핍 배양액에서 발견된 적이 있다(Miyatake, 1986). 그러나 이러한 반응은 일시적인 것으로 보이며(물론 극심한 유체역학적 압력을 받아 세포가 파괴되는 경우에는 예외가 될 것이다), 유체역학적 압력이 다시 낮아지는 경우 본래의 길쭉한 형태를 복원하는 것으로 관측되었다. 그림3이 시사하는 바와 같이 세포 조직은 중간 강도의 유체역학적 압력에는 적응하는 모습을 보인다. 그림3에 따르면 해당 세포들은 24시간 후 구체의 모습을 보였다가 72시간이 지난 후 해당 압력에 적응하여 다시 본래의 길쭉한 형태로 복원되는 모습을 보였다. 이러한 결과가 보여주는 것은 비록 Euglena gracilis가 유체역학적 압력에 충분한 저항성을 보인다고 할지라도 교반 속도는 배합을 위한 최소한의 속도를 유지해야 한다는 것이다.
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Experience
Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Aug 2015.
English to Korean (IIT Association of Korea) Korean to English (IIT Association of Korea)
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CV available upon request
Bio
I am a professional translator in the language pair of English to Korean and Korean to English.
Throughout the 10 years of my career, I have been working extensively to render the source language into target language focusing on quality, communication, and promptness.
We live in diverse societies without borders. To make amicable interaction among different countries feasible, I believe that good communication skill is the most important attribute. My goal in life has always been to facilitate communication among different countries in the most coherent way through my accredited language skills. I would love to be your partner to give the world without a barrier of language. I am ready to contribute to our mutual benefits by delivering outstanding results to you.
I highly value attributes such as commitment, responsibility, and communication. I believe that such attributes are essential to deliver effective and efficient results.
Please refer to my CV for more information about me.
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