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Translation, Interpreting, Editing/proofreading, Software localization, Training
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Specializes in:
Science (general)
Medical: Pharmaceuticals
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Indonesian to English - Standard rate: 0.15 USD per word / 33 USD per hour English to Indonesian - Standard rate: 0.15 USD per word / 33 USD per hour Spanish to Indonesian - Standard rate: 0.15 USD per word / 33 USD per hour
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Sample translations submitted: 1
English to Indonesian: One Third of Americans Get Insufficient Sleep General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical: Pharmaceuticals
Source text - English One third of Americans do not get enough sleep, putting them at risk for serious health problems, a new study shows.
"To promote optimal health and well-being, adults aged 18-60 years are recommended to sleep at least 7 hours each night," Yong Liu, MD, and colleagues from the National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), write in a report published online February 19 in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.
Sleeping less than 7 hours per night has been linked to an increased risk for obesity, diabetes, high blood pressure, coronary heart disease, stroke, frequent mental distress, and all-cause mortality and also impairs cognitive performance, which increases the likelihood of motor vehicle and industrial accidents, medical errors, and loss of work productivity, Dr Liu and colleagues write.
The researchers analyzed data from the 2014 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System to determine the prevalence of healthy sleep duration (>7 hours per night) among 444,306 adults in all areas of the United States.
Of these respondents, 65.2% reported that they slept for 7 hours or more each night.
Adults in Hawaii slept the least and adults in South Dakota slept the most. In Hawaii, only 56% reported getting more than 7 hours per night compared with 72% of adults in South Dakota.
Healthy sleep duration was lower among non-Hispanic blacks (54%), Hawaiians/Pacific Islanders (54%), multiracial non-Hispanics (54%), and American Indians/Alaska Natives (60%) than among non-Hispanic whites (67%), Hispanics (66%), and Asians (63%).
A lower proportion of adults (56% - 62%) reported getting at least 7 hours of sleep per night in states clustered in the southeastern region of the United States and the Appalachian mountains. Previous studies have shown that these regions also have the highest prevalence of obesity and other chronic conditions.
By contrast, most of the Great Plains states led the nation for healthy sleep duration, with 69% to 72% of respondents reporting at least 7 hours of sleep per night.
People with a college degree or higher reported the highest prevalence of healthy sleep duration (72%). The prevalence of healthy sleep duration was lower among those who were divorced, widowed, or separated (56%) or never married (62%).
Respondents who reported that they were unable to work or unemployed had lower healthy sleep duration (51% and 60%, respectively) compared with employed respondents (65%).
The authors note that their report has at least two limitations. Sleep duration was obtained by self-report and not corroborated by any objective measures, such as polysomnography, or sleep journals. Additionally, the survey did not include institutionalized individuals.
Still, the finding that a third of adults in the United States are not getting sufficient sleep affords opportunities for promoting healthy sleep habits, as well as reducing racial, ethnic, and economic disparities; changes in work shift policies; and routine medical assessment of patients' sleep concerns in healthcare systems, the authors write.
"Keeping a 10-day sleep journal or diary about sleep times, napping, and behaviors that affect sleep, such as exercise, alcohol use, and caffeine consumption, might be helpful before discussing sleep problems with a physician," they suggest.
"As a nation we are not getting enough sleep," Wayne Giles, MD, director of the Division of Population Health at the CDC, said in a statement. "Lifestyle changes such as going to bed at the same time each night; rising at the same time each morning, and turning off or removing televisions, computers, mobile devices from the bedroom, can help people get the healthy sleep they need."
Translation - Indonesian Sebuah penelitian baru menunjukkan bahwa sepertiga dari warga Amerika memiliki jam tidur yang tidak cukup, yang mana membuat mereka lebih rentan terhadap permasalahan kesehatan yang serius.
"Untuk mendapatkan kesehatan dan kebugaran yang optimal, orang dewasa berumur 18-60 tahun disarankan untuk tidur minimal 7 jam setiap hari," menurut dr. Yong Liu dan koleganya dari Pusat Pencegahan Penyakit Kronik dan Promosi Kesehatan Nasional, Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit (National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC), seperti tertulis dalam laporan yang dipublikasikan daring pada tanggal 19 Februari di laporan morbiditas dan mortalitas mingguan (Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report).
dr. Liu dan koleganya juga mengemukakan bahwa tidur kurang dari 7 jam dalam semalam telah diketahui berkaitan dengan peningkatan risiko obesitas, diabetes, hipertensi, penyakit jantung koroner, stroke, gangguan mental berkala, dan kematian karena berbagai sebab; juga gangguan performa kognitif; yang dapat meningkatkan peluang terjadinya kecelakaan kendaraan bermotor ataupun industri, hilangnya produktivitas kerja.
Para peneliti menganalisis data dari sistem pemantauan faktor risiko perilaku yang dilakukan di tahun 2014 untuk menentukan prevalensi durasi tidur yang sehat (7 jam atau lebih dalam semalam) di antara 444.306 orang dewasa di berbagai daerah di Amerika Serikat.
Dari para responden ini, 65,2% di antaranya melaporkan bahwa mereka tidur selama 7 jam atau lebih setiap malam.
Dilaporkan juga bahwa orang dewasa di Hawaii tidur paling sedikit (hanya 56% yang tidur 7 jam atau lebih) dan warga dewasa dari South Dakota tidur paling banyak (72%).
Durasi tidur lebih pendek di antara warga kulit hitam (54%), penduduk Hawaii (54%), ras lain-lain di luar Hispanik (54%), dan Indian (60%); jika dibandingkan dengan warga kulit putih (67%), keturunan Hispanik (66%), dan keturunan Asia (63%).
Daerah yang memiliki sedikit warga dewasa dengan jam tidur mencapai minimal 7 jam (56-62%) ternyata berkelompok di wilayah tenggara Amerika Serikat dan pegunungan Appalachian. Studi-studi sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa daerah ini pulalah yang memiliki prevalensi obesitas dan penyakit kronik cukup tinggi.
Sebaliknya, 69-72% penduduk dewasa dari daerah dataran melaporkan jam tidur minimal 7 jam dalam sehari.
Penduduk dengan tingkat pendidikan perguruan tinggi atau lebih baik ternyata lebih banyak yang melaporkan jam tidur sehat (72%). Prevalensi warga dengan durasi tidur sehat ini lebih rendah pada kelompok populasi yang bercerai, ditinggal mati pasangannya, atau berpisah dengan pasangannya (56%), atau warga yang tidak pernah menikah (62%).
Responden yang melaporkan diri tidak dapat bekerja atau tidak bekerja juga melaporkan jam tidur yang kurang (51% dan 60%), apabila dibandingkan dengan responden yang bekerja (65%).
Mereka melaporkan adanya dua kelemahan dari laporan yang mereka buat. Durasi tidur di sini dilaporkan berdasarkan laporan perorangan secara pribadi dan tidak distandarisasi dengan metode ukur objektif tambahan, seperti polisomnografi atau jurnal tidur. Selain itu, survei ini juga tidak melibatkan individu yang terlembaga (misalnya pasien rawat inap, penghuni penjara).
Namun, temuan bahwa sepertiga warga dewasa Amerika Serikat tidak cukup tidur menandakan kebutuhan adanya promosi kesehatan seputar kebiasaan tidur yang baik, tanpa memandang perbedaan ras, etnik, dan tingkat ekonomi. Selain itu, kebijakan kerja bergiliran dan kebijakan penilaian kesehatan rutin juga perlu diubah dengan lebih memfokuskan perhatian sistem pelayanan kesehatan pada pola tidur pasien.
Mereka menyarankan, "Mencatat jurnal tidur selama 10 hari atau membuat catatan harian tentang jam tidur, pola tidur siang, dan kebiasaan yang terkait dengan tidur; misalnya olahraga, minum alkohol, dan konsumsi kafein; diharapkan dapat membantu pasien sebelum pasien tersebut memutuskan untuk mendiskusikan masalah tidurnya dengan dokter."
"Negara kita masih kurang tidur," kata dr. Wayne Giles, direktur divisi kesehatan masyarakat dari CDC. "Perubahan pola hidup, seperti selalu tidur di jam yang sama setiap malam, selalu bangun di jam yang sama setiap pagi, dan mematikan atau menyingkirkan televisi, komputer, serta ponsel dari tempat tidur; dapat membantu pencapaian tidur sehat yang dibutuhkan semua orang."
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Experience
Years of experience: 17. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2016.
An Indonesian MD with experience mostly on medicine (internal medicine, oncology, cardiology), pharmaceuticals, and nutrition. Also interested with biology, life-sciences, geography, biochemistry, and general science. Expertise in translation is mainly in translating Indonesian to English or vice versa.
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