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Gustavo David
Experienced Brazilian Legal Translator.

Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Local time: 01:00 -03 (GMT-3)

Native in: Portuguese (Variants: Brazilian, Mozambican, Cape Verdean, Angolan, European/Portugal, South African) 
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Portuguese to English: Sentence Award
General field: Law/Patents
Detailed field: Law (general)
Source text - Portuguese
Pelo exposto, JULGO PROCEDENTE EM PARTE o pleito autoral, na forma do art. 269, I, do CPC, para: a) declarar resolvido o contrato havido entre as partes; b) declarar inexigíveis as parcelas vincendas do contrato, extinguindo-as; e c) condenar a parte ré a devolver todas as parcelas pagas pela parte autora, acrescidas de correção monetária desde a data de cada pagamento e com juros de mora 1% ao mês a contar da citação. Diante da sucumbência em maior parte, condeno a parte ré ao pagamento das despesas processuais, honorários periciais e honorários advocatícios que fixo em 10% do montante da condenação a ser apurado em liquidação de sentença, na forma do art. 20, §3º, do CPC. JULGO IMPROCEDENTE o pedido reconvencional deduzido pela parte ré, na forma do art. 269, I, do CPC. Condeno a parte ré/reconvinte nas despesas processuais e honorários advocatícios que fixo em R$ 5.000,00 (cinco mil reais), na forma do art. 20, §4º, do CPC. Transitada em julgado, nada sendo requerido, dê-se baixa e arquivem-se. P.I.
Translation - English
I, therefore, CONSIDER THE PLAINTIFF’S PLEA PARTIALLY WITH GROUNDS, pursuant to article 269, I, of the Code of Civil Procedure, to: a) declare that the contract between the parties is terminated; b) declare that the maturing monthly fees of the contract are unenforceable and void, extinguishing them; c) sentence the defendant to give back all of the monthly fees paid by the plaintiff, adding the monetary correction to be calculated from every monthly payment and 1% interest from from the serving.
Given that the defendant lost the suit in the most part, I sentence the defendant to pay all judiciary court costs and taxes, expert’s fees and loss of suit in 10% of the amount of the award, which shall be settled in the award calculation procedure, in the form of article 20, §3º, of the Code of Civil Procedure.
I CONSIDER THE COUNTERCLAIMANT’S PLEA WITHOUT GROUNDS, in the shape of article 269, I of the Code of Civil Procedure. I sentence the defendant/counterclaimant to pay for all judiciary court costs and taxes and loss of suit awarded in R$ 5.000,00 (five thousand reais), in the form of article 20, §4º, of the Code of Civil Procedure.
After res judicata, if no motion is presented, these files are to be written off and sent to the archives.
Let it be published and the parties subpoenaed.
English to Portuguese: Article on Basquiat
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Art, Arts & Crafts, Painting
Source text - English
City as School


Jean-Michel was drawn to art from a young age. His mother appreciated his talent, and encouraged his interest by signing him up as a young member of the Brooklyn Museum of Art. By age 11, he was fluent in French and Spanish, as well as English.
At the age of six, Basquiat was hit by a car; his arm was broken and he underwent several surgeries. While recovering, his mother bought him a copy of Gray’s Anatomy, the 19th-century medical textbook. This would have a lasting influence on his work


City as School was an alternative New York City public high school for gifted students who, like Jean-Michel, found it difficult to fit in at conventional institutions. His enrollment at City as School was soon over, but the City of New York continued to be his school.

Jean-Michel Basquiat is one of the greatest artists of Afro-Caribbean heritage, and lionized by artists all over the world, but he is fundamentally an artist of New York City. His work embodies the ethos of the city in the 1970s and ‘80s when its combination of vibrancy and decay created a creative paradise. His work reflects the rhythms, the sounds and the life of the city. It encapsulates the artistic, musical, literary and political discourse of New York during this fertile period.

From 1978, Basquiat’s graffiti’d SAMO tag (a pseudonym, shared with his friend Al Diaz, which stood for ‘same old shit’) began appearing around Lower Manhattan — and occasionally on the cars of the D train he rode home to Brooklyn. The epigrams eventually caught the eye of The Village Voice, which published a piece about them. Basquiat and Diaz eventually fell out, and SAMO came to an end in 1979. Despite his early association with graffiti, Basquiat never considered himself a graffiti artist.

SAMO was everywhere in downtown New York City in the late 1970s. SAMO’s captivating conceptual haiku engaged the downtown creative community, prompting extensive discussion about the work’s content and the writer’s identity.
Jean-Michel became not just a habitué of The Mudd Club and a guest on Glenn O’Brien’s TV Party, but an active presence that contributed to the influence of these downtown institutions.

The seminal Times Square Show in the summer of 1980 is where he made his first public appearance as the artist Jean-Michel Basquiat, after declaring that SAMO was dead. He painted the walls of the “Fashion Room,” one of the most dynamic installations in the show. He was only nineteen years old and already one of the leading artists of the emerging generation.

Jean-Michel would have heard the avant-garde music that was performed in galleries like The Kitchen and was a central participant in the No Wave music scene that fused elements of Punk and conceptual composition. Through his father Gerard’s record collection, he had an intimate knowledge of the music of the great jazz masters.

Jean-Michel’s formative years as an artist also coincided with one of the most remarkable developments in music, dance, poetry and visual art in the past fifty years, the invention of hip hop and its associated cultural innovations on the streets of New York. There are fascinating parallels between the structure of Jean-Michel’s work and the sounds and lyrics of early rap music.

The ethos of the multi-cultural city shaped Jean-Michel’s experience and artistic outlook. The Afro-Caribbean community of Brooklyn where he grew up as the child of a Puerto Rican mother and a Haitian father, was becoming one of the most vibrant sectors of New York City. One of the essential elements in Jean-Michel’s work is its multi-lingual composition. The juxtaposition of English and Spanish is one of the many dynamic cultural contrasts inside the work that creates its unique energy. Jean-Michel was able to incorporate all of the diverse elements of his cultural background and sophisticated self-education into his explosive paintings.

The imagery and the energy of the streets of Brooklyn and the Lower East Side infuses Jean-Michel’s early work. The signposts of the commercial culture of working class New York neighborhoods are essential elements in his iconography. Many of the works from 1981 are painted on doors, window frames, and discarded pieces of wood that he found on the street. There is a direct relationship between the sounds and rhythms of the street and the repetition of letters and alliterative words. His abstract application of words and letters also reflects a sophisticated understanding of the modernist abstraction of language.
‘I didn’t see many paintings with black people in them’
Basquiat was one of few African Americans in a predominantly white art world. Throughout his career, his deeply political art foregrounded blackness, and the ordeals and traumas experienced by black people in America. His focus on black culture was atypical of many artists at the time, and his work helped bring attention to the lack of diversity in the art world. I realised that I didn’t see many paintings with black people in them,’ Basquiat himself explained, later adding, ‘the black person is the protagonist in most of my paintings.’
The work rapidly moves from an evocation of the street to encompass a profound narrative about the Black experience and Black cultural achievement. Many of his paintings portray Black jazz musicians, Black boxers, and revolutionary heroes. The work also enters into a dialogue with major historical figures in art, science and the dissemination of culture. His work became a platform for searing social commentary and historical insight.

Basquiat’s work resonated with many in the art world who were eager to cast off the Minimalist trend that had dominated the late 1960s and 1970s. In Basquiat, a key member of the Neo-Expressionist movement, they found a new champion. In 1983, at just 22 years old, Basquiat was included in the Whitney Biennial, becoming the youngest artist to have represented America in a major international exhibition of contemporary art. In 1985, he was featured on the cover of The New York Times Magazine. Basquiat was at the peak of his career — but was battling a severe drug addiction.
The powerful, full frontal figures that dominate many of Jean-Michel’s works at first led most critics to characterize him as a Neo-Expressionist. This is an accurate interpretation, but leaves out one of the most important elements of his artistic innovation. His work is the visual analog for what was happening at the same time in the DJ booth and in the writing of novelists like Kathy Acker, who like Jean-Michel, were influenced by William Burroughs’s and Brion Gysin’s cut-up technique. Jean-Michel’s work is a summation of the Century of Collage and a prelude to the intensification of collage in the 21st century.

The dynamic collage of words, images and found objects that characterize Jean-Michel’s work make him one of the leading exponents of remix culture. There is a direct relationship between Jean-Michel’s “sampling” of commercial signage, images from anatomy books, and segments of text and the new musical structures of hip hop. His paintings mix images from high and low culture, subverting conventional artistic hierarchies. The collage of images, words and sounds characterizes contemporary consciousness more than any other aesthetic structure. Jean-Michel’s work articulated and anticipated this new way of understanding our world.

In addition to harnessing the modernist innovation of collage extending back to Picasso and Braque, Jean-Michel channeled the African and African-American traditions of assemblage. Modernist collage, the cut-up technique, structures from African assemblage, and the turntable mixing of early hip hop are all combined in Jean-Michel’s distinctive formal logic. Images flow together like segments of melody in a complex jazz composition.
Jean-Michel had an uncanny ability to shape musical structures into visual art.

Jean-Michel himself spent some of his formative years playing clarinet and a primitive home made synthesizer in the experimental “noise band” Gray, know for its performances at the Mudd Club.
Jean-Michel was able to visualize the music that influenced him. His work is an abstraction of what New York sounded, looked and felt like in the late ‘70s and early ‘80s.

Warhol was impressed with the young artist; the two soon began to work together, and became close friends. Between 1983 and 1985 they collaborated on several paintings. Jean-Michel’s eventual artistic collaboration with Andy influenced the work of both artists, but it was Warhol’s ability to embody his whole aesthetic in his persona that may have been the strongest influence.

Much of his own imagery was appropriation: words and images taken from history and science books and logos taken from advertisements. Jean-Michel’s appropriation was poetic and intuitive. Jean-Michel instantly transformed appropriated images into his own with his distinctive hand and visual grammar.

Jean-Michel was immersed in popular culture as source material. He would tune the TV to children’s cartoons while he worked. The fusion of text and image in comic books was another likely influence. There is a remarkable equivalence and lack of hierarchy in his juxtaposition of figures from children’s cartoons and faces copied from drawings by Leonardo da Vinci.
He builds on the radical innovations of New York’s artistic, musical, and literary geniuses of the previous generation and engages in a dynamic interchange with his contemporaries. Jean-Michel died tragically at age twenty-seven, but his ability to project his powerful personality and his acute intelligence into his work keeps his achievement very much alive.
Translation - Portuguese
City as School


Jean-Michel se sentia atraído à arte desde garoto. Sua mãe percebeu o seu talento e encorajou seu interesse ao inscrevê-lo como jovem membro do Brooklyn Museum of Art. Aos 11, ele já era fluente em francês e espanhol, além do inglês.
Aos 6 anos de idade, Basquiat foi atropelado por um carro; ele quebrou o braço e passou por várias cirurgias. Enquanto se recuperava, sua mãe lhe comprou uma cópia da Gray Anatomia, um livro de estudo médico do século XIX. Isso viria a ter uma influência perene em seu trabalho.


A City as School era uma escola pública alternativa da cidade de Nova Iorque voltada para alunos superdotados que, como Jean-Michel, tinham dificuldades de se encaixar em instituições convencionais. Sua matrícula na City as School não duraria muito, mas a Cidade de Nova Iorque continuaria a ser sua escola.

Jean-Michel Basquiat é um dos maiores artistas de ascendência afro-caribenha e é exaltado por artistas do mundo todo, mas ele é, fundamentalmente, um artista de Nova Iorque. Sua obra personifica o caráter da cidade nos anos 70 e 80, quando a mistura de empolgação e decadência da cidade criou um paraíso de criatividade. Sua obra reflete os ritmos, os sons e a vida da cidade. Ela sumariza o discurso artístico, musical, literário e político de Nova Iorque durante este período tão fértil.

De 78 em diante, SAMO (um pseudônimo compartilhado com seu amigo, Al Diaz, que quer dizer ‘same old shit’, ou ‘a mesma merda de sempre’ em português), a tag pichada por Basquiat começou a aparecer em Lower Manhattan - e ocasionalmente nos vagões do Trem D que ele pegava de volta para casa no Brooklyn. As epigramas eventualmente chamaram a atenção do The Village Voice, que publicou um artigo sobre eles. Basquiat e Diaz eventualmente brigaram e SAMO chegou ao seu fim em 79. Apesar de sua associação ao grafite no começo de carreira, Basquiat nunca se considerou um grafiteiro.

A tag SAMO estava por todo o centro de Nova Iorque no final dos anos 70. O cativante e conceitual haiku representado por SAMO atiçou a comunidade criativa da região, incitando grandes debates sobre o conteúdo da obra e a identidade do autor.
Jean-Michel se tornou não somente um habitué do The Mudd Club e um convidado do Glenn O'Brien’s TV Party, mas uma presença ativa que contribuiu para a influência alcançada por essas instituições do centro de Nova Iorque.

Sua primeira aparição pública como o artista Jean-Michel Basquiat se deu na seminal Mostra Times Square em junho de 1980, logo após declarar que SAMO estava morto. Ele pintou as paredes do “Fashion Room”, uma das instalações mais dinâmicas da mostra. Tinha apenas 19 anos de idade e já era um dos principais artistas daquela geração que surgia.

Jean-Michel teria ouvido a música de vanguarda que era tocada em galerias como a The Kitchen e foi um participante central na cena musical No Wave, que fundia elementos do Punk com composições conceituais. Por meio da coleção de discos do seu pai, Gerard, ele tinha um íntimo conhecimento dos grandes mestres do jazz.

Os anos formativos de Jean-Michel enquanto artista também coincidiram com uma das novidades mais notáveis nos terrenos da música, dança, poesia e da arte visual dos últimos cinquenta anos: a invenção do hip-hop e as inovações culturais a ele associadas nas ruas de Nova Iorque. É possível traçar paralelos fascinantes entre a estrutura do trabalho de Jean-Michel e os sons e letras do rap em seu início.

O espírito multicultural da cidade moldou a visão e a experiência artísticas de Jean-Michel. A comunidade afro-caribenha do Brooklyn, onde ele cresceu como filho de uma porto-riquenha com um haitiano, estava se tornando uma das regiões mais vibrantes da Cidade de Nova Iorque. Um dos elementos essenciais na obra de Jean-Michel é sua composição multi-idiomas. A justaposição de inglês e espanhol é um dos muitos dinâmicos contrastes culturais dentro da obra que cria a sua energia singular. Jean-Michel conseguiu incorporar todos os diversos elementos de sua formação cultural e do seu sofisticado auto aprendizado para dentro de duas pinturas explosivas.

As imagens e a energia das ruas do Brooklyn e do Lower East Side se fundem às obras iniciais de Jean-Michel. Os sinais da cultura dos bairros operários de Nova Iorque são elementos essenciais em sua iconografia. Muitos dos seus trabalhos de 1981 foram pintados em portas, em esquadrias de janelas e em peças de madeira jogadas fora que ele achava pelas ruas. Há uma relação direta entre os sons e ritmos das ruas e a repetição de letras e de palavras aliterativas. Sua aplicação abstrata de palavras e letras também reflete uma sofisticada compreensão da abstração da linguagem do modernismo.
"Eu não vejo muitas pinturas com pessoas negras."
Basquiat era um dos poucos afro-americanos em mundo artístico predominantemente branco. Ao longo de sua carreira, sua arte profundamente política trouxe à tona a negritude e as vicissitudes e traumas experimentados pelos negros nos EUA. Seu foco na cultura negra era comum aos artistas da época e seu trabalho ajudou a chamar atenção à falta de diversidade no mundo artístico. ‘Eu percebi que não via muitas pinturas com pessoas negras’, explicou o próprio Basquiat, fazendo um adendo depois, ‘o negro é o protagonista da maioria das minhas pinturas.’
Sua obra rapidamente evolui de uma evocação das ruas a uma profunda narrativa sobre a experiência de ser negro e as conquistas culturais dos negros. Muitas de suas pinturas retratam músicos negros de jazz, pugilistas negros e heróis revolucionários. Seu trabalho também dialoga com grandes figuras históricas na arte, com a ciência e com a disseminação da cultura. Sua obra se tornou uma plataforma para um comentário social marcante e para a compreensão histórica.

A obra de Basquiat repercutiu com muitos no mundo das artes que estavam ávidos por descartar a tendência Minimalista que dominara o final dos anos 60 e os anos 70. Em Basquiat, um dos principais membros do movimento do Neoexpressionismo, eles acabavam de encontrar um novo campeão. Em 1983, com meros 22 anos, Basquiat foi incluído na Bienal do Whitney, tornando-se o artista mais jovem a representar os EUA em uma grande exposição internacional de arte contemporânea. Em 1985, ele apareceu na capa do The New York Times Magazine. Basquiat estava no auge de sua carreira - mas lutava com um profundo vício em drogas.
As figuras poderosas e desnudadas que dominam muito da obra de Jean-Michel levaram os críticos primeiramente a classificá-lo como um Neoexpressionista. Esta é uma interpretação correta, mas que deixa de fora o elemento mais importante de sua inovação artística. Seu trabalho é o paralelo visual para o que estava acontecendo ao mesmo tempo nas cabines dos DJs e nos livros de escritores como Kathy Archer, que, como Jean-Michel, foram influenciados pelas técnicas de cut-up de William Burroughs e Brion Gysin. A obra de Jean-Michel é um grande apanhado do Século da Colagem e um prelúdio à intensificação do uso da colagem no século XXI.

A colagem dinâmica de palavras, imagens e objetos achados que caracterizam a obra de Jean-Michel fazem dele um dos principais expoentes da cultura da remixagem. Há uma relação direta entre o uso de “samplers” de símbolos comerciais, imagens de livros de anatomia e trechos de textos, e as novas estruturas musicais trazidas pelo hip hop. Suas pinturas misturam imagens da cultura alta e baixa, subvertendo hierarquias artísticas convencionais. A colagem de imagens, palavras e sons caracteriza a consciência contemporânea mais do que qualquer outra estrutura estética. O trabalho de Jean-Michel articulou e antecipou essa nova maneira de entender nosso mundo.

Além de aproveitar a inovação modernista da colagem, que se estende até o passado de Picasso e Braque, Jean-Michel canalizou as tradições das culturas africana e afro-americanos da montagem. Colagem modernista, a técnica de cut-up, estruturas oriundas das montagens africanas e a mixagem das picapes dos DJs de hip hop estão todas combinadas na distinta lógica formal de Jean-Michel. As imagens fluem em comunhão como segmentos de uma melodia em uma composição complexa de jazz.
Jean-Michel teve uma capacidade fantástica de pegar estruturas musicais e transformar em arte visual.

O próprio Jean-Michel passou alguns anos de sua formação tocando clarinete e um sintetizador mambembe na banda experimental de “noise” chamada Gray, conhecida por suas apresentações no Mudd Club.
Jean-Michel conseguiu visualizar a música que o influenciava. Sua obra é uma abstração de como soava, de como era e de qual era a sensação da Nova Iorque do final dos anos 70 e começo dos 80.

Warhol se impressionou com o jovem artista; os dois logo começaram a trabalhar juntos e tornaram-se amigos próximos. Entre 1983 e 1985, eles colaboraram em vários quadros. A colaboração artística eventual de Jean-Michel com Warhol influenciou o trabalho de ambos os artistas, mas foi a habilidade de Warhol em encarnar sua estética em sua própria persona que talvez tenha sido a maior influência.

Muitas das imagens dele eram apropriações: palavras e imagens extraídas de livros de história e ciência e logotipos de propagandas. A apropriação de Jean-Michel era poética e intuitiva. Jean-Michel instantaneamente transformava as imagens apropriadas em suas, com sua mão e gramática visual diferenciadas.

Jean-Michel estava imerso na cultura pop enquanto matéria de origem. Ele ligava a TV em desenhos animados infantis enquanto trabalhava. A fusão de texto e imagem em histórias em quadrinhos foi outra influência provável. Há uma notável equivalência e ausência de hierarquia dentro de sua justaposição de figuras de desenhos animados e cópias de rostos extraídos de desenhos de Leonardo da Vinci.
Ele constrói em cima das inovações radicais dos gênios artísticos, musicais e literários da Nova Iorque da geração anterior e coloca-se em um dinâmico intercâmbio com seus contemporâneos; Jean-Michel morreu tragicamente aos 27 anos, mas a sua habilidade de projetar sua poderosa personalidade e sua inteligência aguda para dentro de sua obra mantém suas realizações muito mais vivas.
English to Portuguese: Article About Populism
General field: Other
Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - English
Is Populism Making a Comeback in Latin America?
Having rejected its demogogues just a few years ago, the region is now poised to welcome them back.

BY BRIAN WINTER, ROBERT MUGGAH | OCTOBER 23, 2017, 1:05 PM
Students protest in Medellin, Colombia, on Oct. 12 during a protest in the framework of a general strike. (Joaquin Sarmiento/AFP/Getty Images)
Predicting the future of Latin American politics is never easy. To paraphrase the 19th-century revolutionary Simón Bolívar, it is akin to plowing the sea. But even a casual glance over the political horizon should set alarm bells ringing. There is a real danger that outsiders with a stake in the region — from diplomats to global investors — are sleepwalking into 2018. Next year could herald the most consequential regional political realignment in a generation.
Nearly two out of three Latin Americans will choose a new leader over the next 12 months. Beginning in November, Chile, Paraguay, Colombia, Mexico, and Brazil and will each hold presidential elections (Venezuelans are also scheduled to vote, although Nicolás Maduro’s dictatorship is highly unlikely to allow a free or fair election). There are another eight Latin American elections scheduled in 2019.
There’s just one problem: It’s impossible to know which way these elections are going to go. At the moment, all of these countries feature pragmatic, moderate candidates at or near the top of the polls. Yet there is a real risk of hard populist turns to the right and the left that could radically change policies toward security, trade, the economy, and Latin America’s relationships with the world — including the United States.
In part, that’s because many foreign observers have gotten used to thinking about populism as a crisis Latin Americans have already overcome. The region experienced a leftist revival during the 2000s — a so-called “pink tide” swept in left-wing presidents from Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, and Venezuela to Guatemala, Honduras, and Nicaragua. They benefited greatly from a golden era of high commodity prices and relentless Chinese demand for natural resources. The tide started to turn, both politically and economically, once commodity prices began falling in 2011.
Restored to power, the region’s political moderates have produced positive economic results in recent years. Most of the region’s economies are again growing after six years of crisis. This uptick is admittedly modest — about 1.2 percent expected regional GDP growth in 2017, compared to a projected global average of 3.6 percent. But the sound fiscal policies embraced by several governments have analysts predicting regional growth of around 2 percent in 2018.
There are growing signs of exuberance across the region’s financial markets. Brazil’s stock market traded at record highs in September, up nearly 100 percent from dramatic lows in early 2016. And Mexico’s peso is one of the world’s best-performing currencies this year — and this is after tumbling 15 percent the day after Donald Trump’s election last year.
But just because Latin America’s economies are improving doesn’t mean that liberal policies are here to stay. The specific backdrop for next year’s “election wave” varies from one country to the next. Generally speaking, however, voters are frustrated.
According to the latest polls, faith in democratic politics around Latin America is at historic lows. The proportion of Latin Americans supporting democracy slid from 66 percent in 2014 to roughly 58 percent today, with more than 40 percent saying they are prepared to support a military coup to tackle crime and corruption. Young people are especially disillusioned — roughly 20 million of Latin American 15-29 year olds are unemployed. Many are taking to the streets — and their digital equivalents — to vent their frustrations. The prospect of low-paying jobs is forcing a good number into the informal economy, including crime. Latin America already has 43 of the 50 most murderous cities in the world.
Consider the case of Brazil. The country’s largest companies have been in lockstep with President Michel Temer, who has overseen his country’s limited recovery this year. The country’s GDP — which accounts for 40 percent of total regional GDP – just expanded for the first time in almost three years: 0.6 percent so far in 2017, with projections of 2.2 percent in 2018. Temer’s caps on public spending and proposed entitlement reform are keeping financial markets satiated. An unprecedented, and overdue, corruption probe is also helping the country get its political house in order.
Yet Temer’s popularity ratings are at a rock-bottom 3 percent. This is largely owing to public disgust with far-reaching government corruption scandals and kickback schemes, and the fact that most Brazilians have yet to feel the stirrings of economic recovery. A majority of Brazil’s citizens want to see a shake-up of traditional politics and are suspicious of existing political institutions: Over 70 percent say they care less about the political parties competing for votes than the message of individual candidates, and more than 91 percent believe no political party is free of corruption. Almost 60 percent of Brazilians would like to see a president who does not belong to one of the three big parties. The ground is fertile for populists and reactionaries from the left and right.
Brazil’s soaring crime and corruption have fed the popularity of presidential candidate Jair Bolsonaro, a former army captain who at various points in his political career has advocated shutting down the National Congress and restoring military rule. Modeling himself on U.S. President Donald Trump, he has also long been a staunch advocate of protectionist economic policies (though he has more recently attempted to portray himself as an advocate of open markets), looser gun laws, and repressive approaches to public security. Bolsonaro is currently running second in most polls for 2018, with a strong chance of making a runoff and even potentially winning it all.
The road ahead for Latin America’s other economic giant, Mexico, is also rocky. The country’s GDP grew by 2.1 percent in 2016, largely due to growing trade in manufactured goods with the United States. But, given the complex NAFTA negotiations that started in August at the insistence of Trump, nobody knows how sustainable that trade is — perhaps not even Trump. The future of NAFTA looks more uncertain than ever, and this is bad news for Mexico and the wider region.
What’s clear is that the war of words between Mexico City and Washington has soured Mexico’s public mood and reduced the political space for cooperation. If pushed too far, Mexican voters may well prioritize domestic pride over economic probity. The political fortunes of Andrés Manuel López Obrador, a former mayor of Mexico City and a leftist nationalist, are rising. After two failed presidential runs in 2006 and 2012, AMLO, as he is known, is at the top of most polls for 2018. There is a real possibility López Obrador will be elected, initiating a hard left turn in Mexico. The political uncertainty already has some investment banks betting against the peso.
Meanwhile, Colombia’s political landscape is getting more unstable. Many Colombians are upset with the government of President Juan Manuel Santos, despite the fact that it put an end to the country’s 52-year-long civil conflict. Some feel that the terms of the peace deal were too lenient on the Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia, or FARC. A recent poll showed just 12 percent of Colombians had a favorable view of the ex-guerrillas, while 84 percent disapproved. (In a bid to soften its image and pave the way to electoral respectability, the group just changed its name to the Common Alternative Revolutionary Force.)
Right now, Colombia’s former Vice President Germán Vargas Lleras and ex-mayor of Bogota Gustavo Petro lead in the polls. But there are real headwinds facing Vargas Lleras. Colombians disapprove of traditional parties even more than they do of the FARC, and the public disapproves of the government Vargas Lleras served in from 2014-2017 by a factor of 2:1. The forces of the far right, including their standard-bearer, former President Álvaro Uribe (who served from 2002 to 2010), are also gathering force. There are rumors that Uribe could support Vargas Lleras in a second round, though it’s not clear what the terms of such a deal might be.
In the meantime, Venezuela is in meltdown, and it is hard to imagine how things could get worse. The country is suffering from a raging epidemic of violence and inflation that could hit 2,300 percent next year. To be sure, the contagion effects of its political and economic collapse are already being felt across the region. But in the case of Venezuela, most foreign diplomats have at least recognized the negative trajectory, and markets have for the most part already internalized the risks. It’s not clear that the United States will do much more than saber rattle, and Latin American governments have not shown much appetite to engage. No one is holding their breath that elections will take place next year.
Argentina shows that a more moderate path is possible. The economy looks set to expand by 2.8 percent in 2017. Industrial production and consumer confidence are up, while business-friendly reforms pushed by President Mauricio Macri are improving investment and household spending. Not all is well — inflation and unemployment remain high. But overall, and in spite of simmering domestic frustration, the early results generated by Macri show a pragmatic approach to governance can appeal to voters.
Taking the long view, Latin America has experienced general improvements over the past few decades. While social and economic progress — especially poverty reduction and job creation for the region’s 163 million young people — recently slowed, the overall trends are positive. More recently, inflation has curbed and now hovers at around 8.3 percent — some Latin American countries have lower inflation than the United States. International reserves have also increased and sovereign risks have decreased.
The big question for Latin America in 2018 is whether voters also take this more constructive long view? Or will they embrace the populist anger and nationalist pride that seems to be sweeping much of the world? It’s impossible to know at this point, but the stakes are clearly huge. Policymakers and investors in Washington and elsewhere would do well to pay much closer attention.
Robert Muggah is the founder of the Igarapé Institute and SecDev Group. Brian Winter is the editor-in-chief of Americas Quarterly.
Robert Muggah is the founder of the Igarapé Institute and SecDev Group.
More from Foreign Policy
By Taboola
Translation - Portuguese
O Populismos Está Tendo um Ressurgimento na América Latina?
Tendo rejeitado seus demagogos há poucos anos, a região agora está pronta para recebê-los de volta.

Por Brian WINTER, ROBERT MUGGAH | 23 de outubro, 2017, 13:05
Estudantes protestam em Medellín, Colômbia, no dia 12 de outubro durante um protesto no âmbito de uma greve geral. (Joaquin Sarmiento/AFP/Getty Images)
Prever o futuro da política latino-americana nunca é fácil. Parafraseando o revolucionário do século XIX Simón Bolívar, é algo semelhante a arar o mar. Mas mesmo um olhar casual para o horizonte político deve disparar alguns alarmes. Existe um perigo real de que estrangeiros com interesses na região - de diplomatas a investidores globais - estejam caminhando sonâmbulos em direção a 2018. O ano que vem pode anunciar o realinhamento político regional mais cheio de consequências dessa geração.
Quase dois em cada três latino-americanos vão escolher um novo líder ao longo dos próximos 12 meses. A partir de novembro, Chile, Paraguai, Colômbia, México e Brasil vão realizar suas eleições presidenciais (venezuelanos também estão programadas para votar, embora seja improvável que a ditadura de Nicolás Maduro permita uma eleição livre ou justa). E ainda existem mais oito eleições na América Latina marcadas para 2019.
Há só um problema: É impossível saber como serão essas eleições. No momento, todos esses países apresentam candidatos pragmáticos e moderados no topo ou perto do topo das pesquisas. Mesmo assim, há um risco real de que ocorram desvios populistas à esquerda ou direita que podem mudar radicalmente as políticas de segurança, comércio, econômica e as relações da América Latina com o mundo - inclusive com os Estados Unidos.
Em parte, isso é porque muitos observadores estrangeiros se acostumaram a pensar que o populismo é uma questão já superada pelos latino-americanos. A região experimentou um ressurgimento da esquerda nos anos 2000 - a chamada "onda rosa" elegeu presidentes esquerdistas desde a Argentina, Bolívia, Brasil, Chile, Equador e Venezuela, até Guatemala, Honduras e Nicarágua. Eles se beneficiaram massivamente de uma era de ouro de alta dos preços das mercadorias e da inesgotável demanda chinesa por recursos naturais. A maré começou a virar, tanto política como economicamente, quando os preços das mercadorias começaram a cair em 2011.
De volta ao poder, os moderados políticos da região produziram resultados econômicos positivos nos últimos anos. A maioria das economias da região está crescendo novamente após seis anos de crise. Este aumento é reconhecidamente modesto - de cerca de 1,2% do crescimento esperado do PIB regional para 2017, calculado em cima de uma projeção média global de 3,6%. Mas as sólidas políticas fiscais adotadas por vários desses governos fazem com que analistas prevejam um crescimento regional de aproximadamente 2% em 2018.
Há crescentes sinais de exuberância nos mercados financeiros da região. O mercado de ações do Brasil negociou em altas recordes em setembro, quase 100% a mais do que as dramáticas baixas do início de 2016. O peso mexicano é uma das moedas com o melhor desempenho este ano - e isto depois de despencar 15% no dia após a eleição de Donald Trump no ano passado.
Mas as economias da América Latina estarem melhorando não significa que as políticas liberais vieram para ficar. O pano de fundo específico para a “onda de eleições” do ano que vem varia de país a país. De modo geral, porém, os eleitores estão frustrados.
De acordo com as últimas pesquisas, a fé nas políticas democráticas ao longo da América Latina está em uma baixa histórica. A proporção de latino-americanos que apoiam a democracia despencou de 66% em 2014 para cerca de 58% hoje, com mais de 40% dizendo estarem dispostos a apoiar um golpe militar para combater o crime e a corrupção. Os jovens estão particularmente desiludidos - cerca de 20 milhões de latino-americanos entre 15 e 29 anos estão desempregados. Muitos estão indo às ruas - e aos seus equivalentes digitais - para expressar suas frustrações. A perspectiva de conseguiram apenas empregos que pagam mal está forçando um bom número deles à economia informal, incluindo à criminalidade. A América Latina já tem 43 das 50 cidades que mais matam no mundo.
Considere o caso do Brasil. As maiores empresas do país têm estado em sintonia com o presidente Michel Temer, que supervisionou a limitada recuperação do país este ano. O PIB do país - que representa 40% do PIB total da região - acaba de se expandir pela primeira vez em quase três anos: 0,6% até agora em 2017, com projeções de 2,2% para 2018. Os limites de Temer nos gastos públicos e a proposta de Reforma da Previdência estão mantendo o mercado financeiro satisfeito. Uma operação anticorrupção inédita, ainda que atrasada, também está ajudando o país arrumar sua casa política.
Ainda assim, os índices de aprovação do governo Temer estão em baixíssimos 3%. Isto se deve principalmente ao desgosto da população com os enormes escândalos de corrupção e esquemas de propina, e o fato de que a maioria dos brasileiros ainda não sentiu os efeitos da recuperação econômica. A maioria dos cidadãos do Brasil quer ver uma sacudida na política tradicional e desconfiam das instituições políticas atuais: Mais de 70% diz que se importa mais com as mensagens individuais de cada candidato do que com os partidos que disputam os votos e mais de 91% acredita que nenhum partido político está livre de corrupção. Quase 60% dos brasileiros gostaria de ver um presidente que não pertença a um dos três grandes partidos. O solo é fértil para populistas e reacionários de esquerda e direita.
O aumento do crime e da corrupção no Brasil alimentou a popularidade do candidato presidencial Jair Bolsonaro, um ex-capitão do exército que, em vários momentos de sua carreira política, defendeu o fechamento do Congresso Nacional e a restauração de um regime militar. Tendo o presidente dos EUA, Donald Trump, como modelo, ele também é um ferrenho defensor de políticas econômicas protecionistas (embora ele tenha mais recentemente tentado se mostrar um defensor dos mercados abertos), de leis mais frouxas para o porte de arma e de uma abordagem repressiva na segurança pública. Bolsonaro está atualmente em segundo lugar na maioria das pesquisas para 2018, com uma forte chance de ir ao segundo turno e potencialmente até mesmo de ganhar.
O caminho diante do outro gigante econômico da América Latina, o México, também é difícil. O PIB do país cresceu 2,1% em 2016, devido em grande parte ao crescente comércio de manufaturados com os Estados Unidos. Mas, devido às complexas negociações do NAFTA, que começaram em agosto por insistência de Trump, ninguém sabe o quanto tal comércio é sustentável - talvez nem mesmo Trump. O futuro do NAFTA parece mais incerto do que nunca e isso é uma má notícia para o México e para toda a região.
O que está claro é que a guerra de palavras entre a Cidade do México e Washington azedou o humor público e reduziu o espaço político para cooperação. Os eleitores mexicanos, se forem provocados demais, podem muito bem priorizar o orgulho nacional em detrimento da probidade econômica. O capital político de Andrés Manuel López Obrador, ex-prefeito da Cidade do México e um nacionalista de esquerda, está crescendo. Depois de duas candidaturas presidenciais derrotadas em 2006 e 2012, AMLO, como ele é conhecido, está no topo da maioria das pesquisas para 2018. Há uma possibilidade real de que López Obrador seja eleito, iniciando uma guinada à esquerda no México. A incerteza política já faz alguns bancos de investimento apostarem contra o peso.
Enquanto isso, o panorama político da Colômbia fica cada vez mais instável. Muitos colombianos estão insatisfeitos com o governo do presidente Juan Manuel Santos, apesar dele ter posto um fim aos 52 anos de conflito civil no país. Alguns pensam que o acordo de paz foi brando demais para com as Forças Armadas Revolucionárias da Colômbia, as FARC. Uma pesquisa recente revelou que apenas 12% dos colombianos tinha uma opinião favorável dos ex-guerrilheiros, enquanto que 84% os desaprovam. (Em uma tentativa de suavizar sua imagem e pavimentar um caminho à respeitabilidade eleitoral, o grupo mudou seu nome para Força Revolucionária Alternativa do Comum).
No momento, o ex-Vice-Presidente da Colômbia, Germán Vargas Lleras, e o ex-prefeito de Bogotá, Gustavo Petro, lideram as pesquisas. Mas ventos contrários se opõem à Vargas Lleras. Os colombianos desaprovam os partidos tradicionais ainda mais do que as FARC e dois terços da população desaprova o governo no qual Vargas Lleras serviu de 2014 a 2017. As forças da extrema-direita, incluindo o seu baluarte, o ex-Presidente Álvaro Uribe (com mandato de 2002 a 2010), também estão ganhando força. Há rumores de que Uribe poderia apoiar Vargas Lleras em um segundo turno, porém não está claro quais poderiam ser os termos de tal acordo.
Nesse ínterim, a Venezuela está em colapso e é difícil imaginar ser possível que as coisas piorem. O país está sofrendo de uma brutal epidemia de violência e de inflação que pode bater 2.300% ano que vem. É certo que os efeitos do seu colapso político e econômico já se fazem sentir em toda a região. Mas, no caso da Venezuela, a maioria dos diplomatas estrangeiros conseguiu ao menos reconhecer a trajetória negativa e os mercados em sua maioria já internalizaram os riscos. Não está claro se os EUA vão fazer muito mais do que ostentar seu poderio militar e os governos latino-americanos não têm mostrado muito apetite para o combate. Ninguém está animado com as eleições do ano que vem.
A Argentina mostra que um caminho mais moderado é possível. A economia parece que vai crescer 2,8 por cento em 2017. A produção industrial e a confiança do consumidor subiram, enquanto as reformas favoráveis ao empresariado capitaneadas pelo Presidente Mauricio Macri estão melhorando o investimento e o consumo. Nem tudo está bem - a inflação e o desemprego continuam elevados. Mas no geral, e apesar de uma incipiente frustração interna, os primeiros resultados gerados por Macri mostram que uma abordagem pragmática no que se refere à governança pode agradar os eleitores.
A longo prazo, a América Latina tem, em geral, experimentado melhorias nas últimas décadas. Ainda que os progressos social e econômico - em especial a redução da pobreza e a criação de empregos para os 163 milhões de jovens da região - tenham diminuído recentemente, as tendências são positivas no escopo geral. Mais recentemente, a inflação estagnou e agora gira em torno de 8,3% - a inflação de alguns países latino-americanos é mais baixa que a dos Estados Unidos. As reservas internacionais também aumentaram e os riscos soberanos diminuíram.
A grande questão para a América Latina é se em 2018 os eleitores também seguirão esse caminho mais construtivo a longo prazo. Ou será que vão abraçar a raiva populista e o orgulho nacionalista que parece estar conquistando boa parte do mundo? Neste momento é impossível saber, mas os riscos são claramente enormes. Os políticos e investidores de Washington e do resto do mundo fariam bem em prestar bem mais atenção.
Robert Muggah é o fundador do Instituto Igarapé e do SecDev Group. Brian Winter é o editor-chefe da Americas Quarterly.
Robert Muggah é o fundador do Instituto Igarapé e do SecDev Group.
Mais de Política Externa
Por Taboola
Portuguese to English: Subtitling for the Berlinale Excerpt - Callado Documentary
General field: Art/Literary
Detailed field: Cinema, Film, TV, Drama
Source text - Portuguese
1
00:02:47,045 --> 00:02:52,043
Havia naquele tempo, ainda há hoje,
a Organização dos Estados Americanos.

2
00:02:52,043 --> 00:02:55,664
Acontece que,
quando veio o golpe de 64,

3
00:02:55,664 --> 00:02:58,461
a OEA tinha uma reunião
marcada no Brasil.

4
00:02:58,461 --> 00:03:00,861
A OEA cancelou.

5
00:03:03,349 --> 00:03:07,542
Mas aí, o governo brasileiro,
através de Castelo Branco

6
00:03:07,542 --> 00:03:11,942
e Magalhães Pinto, que era o
Ministro das Relações Exteriores,

7
00:03:11,942 --> 00:03:17,817
convenceram os EUA
de que o Brasil não era uma ditadura.

8
00:03:22,803 --> 00:03:26,223
Em face disso,
a OEA mudou a opinião dela.

9
00:03:26,223 --> 00:03:30,429
Nós lá no "Correio da Manhã"
e na "Civilização Brasileira",

10
00:03:30,429 --> 00:03:33,727
que foram os dois focos mesmo
de resistência,

11
00:03:33,727 --> 00:03:36,139
dissemos:
"não pode ficar assim".

12
00:03:37,080 --> 00:03:42,603
Nesse momento foi que o Callado propôs
fazermos um movimento de rua.

13
00:03:44,772 --> 00:03:49,355
O Partido Comunista disse:
"Nós botamos 5.000 operários na rua."

14
00:03:49,355 --> 00:03:53,043
A UNE ia botar não sei
quantos mil também.

15
00:03:53,043 --> 00:03:56,139
Ia ser um movimento
de grande expressão.

16
00:03:56,139 --> 00:04:00,986
Esperamos umas 10.000 pessoas
em frente ao Hotel Glória

17
00:04:00,986 --> 00:04:02,876
pra vaiar o Castelo Branco.

18
00:04:02,876 --> 00:04:04,308
Apareceram 8.

19
00:04:06,781 --> 00:04:10,636
Antonio Callado, Glauber Rocha,
Marcio Moreira Alves,

20
00:04:10,636 --> 00:04:13,536
Joaquim Pedro de Andrade,
Flávio Rangel, Thiago de Mello,

21
00:04:13,536 --> 00:04:18,651
Mario Carneiro, o Embaixador
Jaime Azevedo Rodrigues e eu.

22
00:04:22,979 --> 00:04:26,270
Isso eu achei que realmente era
muito desaforo demais.

23
00:04:26,270 --> 00:04:32,408
Não só davam o golpe mas ainda por cima
queriam dar esse outro golpe na gente.

24
00:04:32,408 --> 00:04:36,727
De fazer passar o golpe militar
por uma benemerência,

25
00:04:36,727 --> 00:04:40,096
um gesto formidável do Exército
para salvar o país.

26
00:04:40,096 --> 00:04:45,208
Pelo amor de Deus, é uma coisa
pra gente sair à rua e protestar.

27
00:04:45,208 --> 00:04:48,069
Isso não foi...
Foi uma espécie de baderna

28
00:04:48,069 --> 00:04:52,375
que teve o resultado
que nós queríamos,

29
00:04:52,375 --> 00:04:56,879
que era exatamente
registrar o protesto.

30
00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:45,604
Ele tinha que conhecer
o coração do Brasil.

31
00:05:46,210 --> 00:05:48,819
Esse coração do Brasil,
esse enigma,

32
00:05:48,819 --> 00:05:51,844
é, às vezes, um formigueiro,
como no “Quarup”.

33
00:05:51,844 --> 00:05:54,739
E esse é o desafio da sua busca.

34
00:05:54,739 --> 00:05:59,379
Essa sua busca é jornalística
e é literária.

35
00:05:59,379 --> 00:06:06,252
E ela é uma busca do sentido
histórico-político desse coração

36
00:06:06,252 --> 00:06:10,055
que ninguém sabe onde está,
mas que provavelmente está enfiado

37
00:06:10,055 --> 00:06:13,843
no meio dos índios no sertão do Brasil,
onde tudo começou.

38
00:06:14,802 --> 00:06:17,319
Ali deve estar enfiado
o nosso mistério.

39
00:06:17,319 --> 00:06:24,312
O Callado passou a vida metido
nesta busca deste mistério.

40
00:06:27,215 --> 00:06:29,175
Antes de começar
a trabalhar em jornal,

41
00:06:29,175 --> 00:06:33,863
já tinha perpetrado pelo menos
alguns contos, algumas histórias assim.

42
00:06:33,863 --> 00:06:37,519
Inclusive ganhei uma ocasião
um concurso de contos

43
00:06:37,519 --> 00:06:40,631
num jornalzinho que havia lá
na Praia das Flechas em Niterói.

44
00:06:40,631 --> 00:06:42,191
Um jornalzinho chamado "A Praia".

45
00:06:42,191 --> 00:06:44,728
Ganhei um concurso de contos
com um contozinho que eu escrevi.

46
00:06:44,728 --> 00:06:49,063
E publiquei também um primeiro conto
num suplemento literário

47
00:06:49,063 --> 00:06:50,968
do "Correio da Manhã".

48
00:06:50,968 --> 00:06:56,104
Mas, naturalmente,
seguindo muito aquela... digamos...

49
00:06:56,104 --> 00:07:01,108
trajetória burguesa que havia
no Brasil, mais ainda do que agora,

50
00:07:01,108 --> 00:07:04,220
eu, acabado o ginásio, comecei a fazer
um curso de Direito.

51
00:07:04,220 --> 00:07:06,245
A gente estudava Direito
não sei muito bem o porquê.

52
00:07:06,245 --> 00:07:07,866
Mas era mais ou menos
um encaminhamento.

53
00:07:07,866 --> 00:07:10,166
Ou Direito, ou Medicina,
ou Engenharia,

54
00:07:10,166 --> 00:07:12,724
a ideia brasileira do Doutor.

55
00:07:12,724 --> 00:07:15,933
E quando eu estava ainda
na faculdade de Direito,

56
00:07:15,933 --> 00:07:21,573
veio um problema tão grande
quanto o de uma vocação,

57
00:07:21,573 --> 00:07:23,461
que, no caso,
era a minha vocação de escrever.

58
00:07:23,461 --> 00:07:25,613
Era o problema de ganhar a vida.

59
00:07:27,093 --> 00:07:28,937
Aí Callado então foi trabalhar.

60
00:07:28,937 --> 00:07:32,258
Ficava encaixotando coisas
e carregando volumes.

61
00:07:32,258 --> 00:07:35,354
Um dia a mãe dele chegou lá e disse:
"Ohhh, meu filhinho!"

62
00:07:35,354 --> 00:07:38,134
Ele imitava a mãe
porque a mãe era dramática.

63
00:07:38,134 --> 00:07:40,649
Acho que é por isso
que ele tinha horror à gente dramática.

64
00:07:41,328 --> 00:07:43,385
Aí a mãe dele foi pra casa

65
00:07:43,385 --> 00:07:47,218
e resolveu que tinha
que arrumar um emprego pra ele.

66
00:07:47,218 --> 00:07:53,569
Então lembrou
que tinha um longínquo parentesco

67
00:07:53,569 --> 00:07:56,987
com Paulo Bittencourt
do "Correio da Manhã".

68
00:07:57,970 --> 00:08:01,411
Aliás, era Edmundo ainda,
Edmundo Bittencourt, o fundador.

69
00:08:02,292 --> 00:08:05,651
Aí mandou uma carta pra ele
e Callado levou a carta.

70
00:08:05,651 --> 00:08:09,418
Eu, começar uma vida,
sobretudo num país como o Brasil,

71
00:08:09,418 --> 00:08:14,059
e sobretudo como o Brasil daquele tempo
que felizmente já mudou para melhor.

72
00:08:14,059 --> 00:08:19,281
Começar a vida como escritor,
no sentido de ganhar a vida

73
00:08:19,281 --> 00:08:23,275
como escritor, era realmente uma ideia
muito louca demais.

74
00:08:23,275 --> 00:08:28,148
E qual era então a carreira que,
de certa forma, se apresentou a mim

75
00:08:28,148 --> 00:08:33,108
como uma possibilidade de ir ganhando
dinheiro e escrevendo ao mesmo tempo?

76
00:08:33,108 --> 00:08:34,350
Jornalismo.

77
00:09:00,123 --> 00:09:02,451
De Londres e da BBC,

78
00:09:02,451 --> 00:09:06,978
saudamos todos nossos ouvintes
das Américas Central e do Sul.

79
00:09:08,257 --> 00:09:11,422
Estou vos falando daqui antes
do nascer do sol,

80
00:09:11,422 --> 00:09:15,040
nas primeiras horas
da madrugada da primavera inglesa.

81
00:09:15,488 --> 00:09:19,959
Nós vamos falar-vos todas as noites
e nos vossos próprios idiomas.

82
00:09:27,708 --> 00:09:30,692
A gente repara,
à medida que os anos vão correndo,

83
00:09:30,692 --> 00:09:35,564
que não são os tempos mais alegres
que deixam as saudades maiores.

84
00:09:36,623 --> 00:09:39,076
São os tempos mais intensos.

85
00:09:40,211 --> 00:09:45,459
Jamais esquecerei que, em 1941,
tomei o cargueiro pardo da Mala Real,

86
00:09:45,459 --> 00:09:47,916
éramos apenas
dois passageiros a bordo,

87
00:09:47,916 --> 00:09:51,915
e cheguei quase um mês depois
a uma Inglaterra apagada,

88
00:09:51,915 --> 00:09:58,754
mergulhada no blackout, preservando
sozinha a liberdade da Europa.

89
00:09:58,754 --> 00:10:03,076
Pouco me importa hoje saber
se a Inglaterra, além da liberdade,

90
00:10:03,076 --> 00:10:06,625
defendia seus interesses
comerciais também.

91
00:10:06,625 --> 00:10:11,345
E se eu, além do desejo de ajudar
a causa da liberdade na BBC,

92
00:10:11,345 --> 00:10:15,523
procurava minha aventura particular
num mundo em guerra.

93
00:10:20,235 --> 00:10:25,339
Me lembro de Vovó ir pra Copacabana
com aquele radiozinho

94
00:10:25,339 --> 00:10:27,266
escutando ele falar.

95
00:10:27,266 --> 00:10:32,963
E ele falando, um frio tenebroso,
e as bombas caindo perto dele e ela:

96
00:10:32,963 --> 00:10:35,209
"Vamos ouvir,
vamos ouvir o tio falando."

97
00:10:36,812 --> 00:10:41,316
A BBC, durante a guerra,
nesse período de guerra,

98
00:10:41,316 --> 00:10:45,237
passou a falar
57 idiomas diferentes.

99
00:10:45,237 --> 00:10:49,156
Ela irradiava a voz de Londres,
como se chamava a BBC,

100
00:10:49,156 --> 00:10:53,945
em 57 línguas, pra 57 países

101
00:10:53,945 --> 00:10:58,223
ou até conjuntos de países
como nos casos da África.

102
00:11:05,769 --> 00:11:08,113
Uma das primeiras crônicas dele...

103
00:11:11,177 --> 00:11:14,841
Logo que ele chega a Londres,
ele...

104
00:11:14,841 --> 00:11:18,409
ele escreve uma crônica
impressionado com Londres.

105
00:11:18,409 --> 00:11:22,370
"É uma Fantasmagoria.
Um claro-escuro alucinante.

106
00:11:22,370 --> 00:11:26,120
Um poema em pedra e azul.
Os arcos majestosos, os palácios,

107
00:11:26,120 --> 00:11:29,593
as pontes brilham espectrais
dentro da noite."

108
00:11:43,593 --> 00:11:49,070
Ele se encantou com a forma de viver,
com o humor, esse humor britânico.

109
00:11:49,070 --> 00:11:52,056
Então ele conta
desse joalheiro humorista.

110
00:11:52,056 --> 00:11:53,467
Ele tinha uma joalheria

111
00:11:53,467 --> 00:12:00,051
e colocou, um dia,
uma cebola num escrínio azul.

112
00:12:00,051 --> 00:12:02,396
Aquelas caixinhas que você põe joia
para mostrar.

113
00:12:02,396 --> 00:12:06,571
Como não tinha joia, o cara pôs
uma cebola e deixou na vitrine.

114
00:12:12,634 --> 00:12:16,106
Eu, na BBC, podia servir de alvo
às bombas alemãs.

115
00:12:16,106 --> 00:12:19,016
Claro, porque eles bombardeavam
a Inglaterra naquele tempo.

116
00:12:19,016 --> 00:12:21,973
Eu peguei sobretudo as bombas V-1.

117
00:12:22,178 --> 00:12:24,824
Que era um aviãozinho sem piloto,
sem maiores consequências.

118
00:12:24,824 --> 00:12:26,425
Mas o V-2.

119
00:12:26,425 --> 00:12:30,497
Justamente quando Hitler começou
a bombardear Londres,

120
00:12:30,497 --> 00:12:35,018
o Callado um dia ficou sem casa.
Bombardearam a casa.

121
00:12:35,018 --> 00:12:39,586
E ele conheceu uma inglesa chamada Jean
e casou-se com a Jean.

122
00:12:39,586 --> 00:12:44,186
E quando caía bomba perto deles,
a Jean ia pro hospital,

123
00:12:44,186 --> 00:12:46,944
se escondia no metrô.

124
00:12:46,944 --> 00:12:50,272
O Callado continuava na dele.

125
00:12:50,272 --> 00:12:54,308
"Olha a sirene, vambora, você não tá
pronto ainda, tô descendo."

126
00:12:54,308 --> 00:13:00,027
Ele falou: "Ah, quer saber?
Vou não. Vou continuar lendo."

127
00:13:04,205 --> 00:13:07,171
"Durante a guerra,
a gente não vai engravidar."

128
00:13:08,261 --> 00:13:11,987
Eu não sei como ela conseguiu
enredar ele no casamento,

129
00:13:11,987 --> 00:13:16,375
porque ele não queria casar
e não queria ter filhos.

130
00:13:17,132 --> 00:13:19,007
Não queria mesmo.

131
00:13:19,007 --> 00:13:23,128
Ele tinha uma irmã esquizofrênica,
tem esquizofrenia na família.

132
00:13:25,375 --> 00:13:27,984
E ele não queria ter filhos.

133
00:13:27,984 --> 00:13:30,344
Mas ela queria tudo.

134
00:13:30,344 --> 00:13:35,055
E ela queria fazer dele
o maior escritor da América Latina.

135
00:13:35,055 --> 00:13:38,623
Ela dizia: "Seu pai vai ser
o maior escritor da América Latina."

136
00:13:38,623 --> 00:13:39,688
Eu ficava assim "Ô".

137
00:13:52,628 --> 00:13:58,951
Em 1953, ele faz uma viagem que é
uma reportagem ao interior do Brasil,

138
00:13:58,951 --> 00:14:04,583
lá na região do Xingu,
onde ele vai localizar os ossos

139
00:14:04,583 --> 00:14:10,896
do explorador inglês,
o Coronel Fawcett, que tinha se perdido

140
00:14:10,896 --> 00:14:14,392
lá nessa região
e tinha sido assassinado nessa região.

141
00:14:14,392 --> 00:14:16,872
E havia um boato de que...

142
00:14:16,872 --> 00:14:20,448
Até um boato que começou
com Orlando Villas-Boas.

143
00:14:20,448 --> 00:14:23,096
De que esse esqueleto
tinha sido encontrado.

144
00:14:23,096 --> 00:14:26,292
O Chateaubriand,
que era um cara que vivia

145
00:14:26,292 --> 00:14:32,023
querendo uma reportagem de impacto,
chama o Callado para participar

146
00:14:32,023 --> 00:14:34,985
de uma expedição até essa região

147
00:14:34,985 --> 00:14:40,622
para localizar os ossos
do Coronel Fawcett.

148
00:14:40,622 --> 00:14:44,160
Que, afinal, não existiam.
Nunca foram encontrados.

149
00:14:45,414 --> 00:14:50,221
Já ali já tava as qualidades
de um escritor a campo

150
00:14:50,221 --> 00:14:51,690
como se fosse um jornalista.

151
00:14:51,690 --> 00:14:55,808
Mas usando técnicas que dificilmente
um jornalista usava.

152
00:14:55,911 --> 00:14:58,005
Ironia, por exemplo,
que é uma coisa presente

153
00:14:58,726 --> 00:15:01,740
em quase toda a obra do Callado,
que é um recurso literário

154
00:15:01,740 --> 00:15:06,812
que já envolve um certo segundo
movimento sobre o fato que, em geral,

155
00:15:06,812 --> 00:15:10,396
não é o que acontece com o jornalismo,
que tenta ficar mais colado ao fato

156
00:15:10,396 --> 00:15:13,252
e não ter esse distanciamento
que é a ironia.

157
00:15:13,252 --> 00:15:17,937
Por que? Porque ele já tinha um olhar
de escritor sobre o que ele cobria.

158
00:15:31,063 --> 00:15:34,838
São muito visíveis também
na cobertura que ele faz

159
00:15:34,838 --> 00:15:40,654
de Pernambuco.
No tempo do Arraes.

160
00:15:40,654 --> 00:15:42,527
Que é uma...

161
00:15:44,222 --> 00:15:49,862
Ele vislumbra em Pernambuco a grande
revolução social moderna brasileira,

162
00:15:49,862 --> 00:15:52,703
que, de fato, naquele momento
estava acontecendo, né.

163
00:15:52,703 --> 00:15:56,597
A ponto de ele
ter imagens impressionantes.

164
00:15:56,597 --> 00:16:00,800
Uma das imagens era de um senhor
de engenho que, para não fazer

165
00:16:00,800 --> 00:16:06,094
nenhuma concessão aos trabalhadores,
manda todos os trabalhadores embora,

166
00:16:06,094 --> 00:16:11,151
seca o engenho
e deixa ali 250 cabeças de gado.

167
00:16:11,151 --> 00:16:12,209
E ele fala:

168
00:16:12,209 --> 00:16:18,375
"Não há na História exemplo de pessoas
passando fome ao lado do gado vivo."

169
00:16:18,375 --> 00:16:23,045
E ele fala: "Era como se aquela
propriedade tivesse enlouquecido."

170
00:16:23,396 --> 00:16:26,971
Isso é uma imagem
que jornalista nenhum usaria.

171
00:16:50,432 --> 00:16:51,633
O fato é o seguinte.

172
00:16:51,633 --> 00:16:55,881
É que o Callado é
uma relação muito especial no Brasil,

173
00:16:55,881 --> 00:16:59,921
no quadro brasileiro, entre as relações
entre a literatura e jornal.

174
00:16:59,921 --> 00:17:05,513
Certamente, o jornal é
um instrumento de comunicação

175
00:17:05,513 --> 00:17:08,247
que serviu muitíssimo
à literatura desde sempre.

176
00:17:08,247 --> 00:17:12,057
E mudou muito, inclusive, teve
um papel substancial

177
00:17:12,057 --> 00:17:14,132
na formação do romance.

178
00:17:14,132 --> 00:17:19,672
A partir do século 18, a linguagem
do jornal, quando surgiu o jornalismo,

179
00:17:19,672 --> 00:17:23,752
com o domínio da linguagem prosaica,
a linguagem cotidiana,

180
00:17:23,752 --> 00:17:27,802
a fala oral se transferiu ao romance.

181
00:17:27,802 --> 00:17:30,993
O romance aprendeu muito
com o jornal.

182
00:17:33,033 --> 00:17:35,440
Eu voltei da Europa em 47.

183
00:17:35,440 --> 00:17:38,337
Voltei ao "Correio da Manhã"
onde eu já trabalhava antes.

184
00:17:38,337 --> 00:17:43,824
Encontrei o Graciliano lá, fazendo
aquele trabalho interessantíssimo

185
00:17:43,824 --> 00:17:47,001
de rever as coisas
que a gente escrevia.

186
00:17:47,001 --> 00:17:50,495
E o Graciliano era,
em grande parte, o mestre.

187
00:17:50,495 --> 00:17:52,520
Ele ficava lá dentro
daquela sala dele,

188
00:17:52,520 --> 00:17:55,233
saía para tomar
uma cachacinha lá fora

189
00:17:55,233 --> 00:17:57,017
fumava um cigarrinho de Selma.

190
00:17:57,017 --> 00:18:00,049
E o trabalho dele, a conversa dele
quando ele acabava aquilo...

191
00:18:00,049 --> 00:18:06,929
Ele me deu realmente a impressão...
A essência assim do escritor brasileiro

192
00:18:06,929 --> 00:18:10,952
que tem que trabalhar porque
com o livro só ele não vive.

193
00:18:13,915 --> 00:18:15,955
Escrever bem.
Escrever correto.

194
00:18:17,144 --> 00:18:19,185
Estilo fino.

195
00:18:19,185 --> 00:18:20,326
Ironia.

196
00:18:20,326 --> 00:18:24,955
Quer dizer, o Callado era o homem
que nasceu pro "Correio da Manhã".

197
00:18:24,955 --> 00:18:27,615
E não morreu porque
o "Correio" morreu antes dele.

198
00:18:28,957 --> 00:18:30,521
O "Correio" é que morreu por ele.

199
00:18:32,676 --> 00:18:34,846
Ele era jornalista diário.
É aquele negócio...

200
00:18:34,846 --> 00:18:39,284
Ele levantava com a cabeça,
lia jornal cedo, já se envenenava cedo

201
00:18:39,284 --> 00:18:40,924
pra poder fazer o editorial.

202
00:18:43,414 --> 00:18:48,147
Ele assumiu a chefia da redação
com a morte do antigo Redator-Chefe

203
00:18:48,147 --> 00:18:50,187
que era o Costa Rego.

204
00:18:51,137 --> 00:18:55,270
Ele fez uma grande reforma no jornal.
O jornal era muito conservador.

205
00:18:55,270 --> 00:18:59,046
Já tinha havido aquela reforma
do "Diário Carioca".

206
00:18:59,046 --> 00:19:01,101
Um pouco depois veio
a do "Jornal do Brasil".

207
00:19:01,101 --> 00:19:06,862
O "Correio da Manhã" permanecia sempre
inalterado nessa configuração gráfica.

208
00:19:11,718 --> 00:19:14,834
E aí ele realmente mandou brasa.
Mandou brasa.

209
00:19:14,834 --> 00:19:18,874
Foi um dos...
Ele, eu e o Carpeaux também, né.

210
00:19:18,874 --> 00:19:24,332
Só que o Carpeaux tinha que se policiar
um pouco porque, em sendo estrangeiro,

211
00:19:24,332 --> 00:19:29,875
austríaco, ele poderia ter cassada
a cidadania brasileira.

212
00:19:29,875 --> 00:19:33,195
Então ele não era tão violento.
Mesmo assim às vezes foi.

213
00:19:33,195 --> 00:19:38,549
Agora, eu e Callado, brasileiros,
mandamos uma brasa terrível.

214
00:19:41,436 --> 00:19:43,404
O "Correio da Manhã" tinha
uma sala editorialista

215
00:19:43,404 --> 00:19:45,269
que ficava
a 3 metros da minha mesa.

216
00:19:46,240 --> 00:19:47,996
Era chamado Petit Trianon.

217
00:19:47,996 --> 00:19:54,285
Lá dentro ficavam Callado,
Antonio Houaiss, Otto Maria Carpeaux,

218
00:19:54,285 --> 00:19:57,003
José Lino Grünewald,
Carlos Heitor Cony...

219
00:19:57,003 --> 00:19:59,785
Esses eram os editorialistas
do jornal.

220
00:19:59,785 --> 00:20:04,867
E era uma loucura, porque um garoto
de 21 pra 22 anos andar 3 metros,

221
00:20:04,867 --> 00:20:08,035
abrir a porta e estar o Butantã,
só tinha cobra lá dentro.

222
00:20:08,035 --> 00:20:10,051
Um time extraordinário.

223
00:20:10,051 --> 00:20:12,867
O "Correio da Manhã" era
um grande jornal

224
00:20:12,867 --> 00:20:15,544
e era a sua própria
imprensa alternativa.

225
00:20:15,544 --> 00:20:20,075
Era um jornal duma vivacidade,
de uma violência quando necessário,

226
00:20:20,075 --> 00:20:23,924
de uma força, de uma até molecagem
se você quiser.

227
00:20:23,924 --> 00:20:30,291
Então era uma organização
muito mais interessante,

228
00:20:30,291 --> 00:20:33,947
muito mais vital do que
qualquer jornal que vejo hoje no país.

229
00:20:55,261 --> 00:20:56,923
Ele era bem carioca.

230
00:20:56,923 --> 00:20:59,924
Gostava de ouvir música
e fazer uma brincadeira.

231
00:20:59,924 --> 00:21:03,315
Mas ele tava...
Você via que ele tava trabalhando.

232
00:21:03,315 --> 00:21:08,828
Ele tava sempre com um livro no colo.
Ele tava sempre folheando um livro.

233
00:21:08,828 --> 00:21:13,116
Tinha sempre um lápis na mão.
Ele tava sempre procurando uma coisa.

234
00:21:13,116 --> 00:21:16,389
Ele levantava para buscar
um dicionário e ir ali.

235
00:21:16,389 --> 00:21:22,495
Era um cara que tava sempre pensando.
Ela não, ela tava adorando viver...

236
00:21:22,495 --> 00:21:28,308
Ser mulher dele, ser mãe dos filhos,
administrar a casa.

237
00:21:28,308 --> 00:21:34,788
Ela comprou um jipe,
desse bem aberto e ela andava por aí.

238
00:21:34,788 --> 00:21:38,323
Ela levava a gente pro balé,
levava pro Bennet,

239
00:21:38,323 --> 00:21:43,195
buscava do balé, do Bennet, levava
pra aula de francês, pra Cultura.

240
00:21:49,839 --> 00:21:53,504
Ele, quando fiz 10 anos, ele disse
pra minha mãe: "Vamos separar."

241
00:21:56,068 --> 00:22:01,733
Ele foi honesto. Ele falou:
"Olha só, ela já tem 10 anos,

242
00:22:01,733 --> 00:22:05,791
a gente tá junto há 17 anos,
eu quero escrever,

243
00:22:05,791 --> 00:22:10,247
eu quero morar sozinho,
eu quero namorar, eu quero...

244
00:22:12,370 --> 00:22:15,424
quero sair por aí,
quero ser livre."

245
00:22:16,194 --> 00:22:17,202
Aí ela falou:

246
00:22:17,202 --> 00:22:20,849
"Não, mas então eu vou pegar
as crianças e levar pra Inglaterra."

247
00:22:24,121 --> 00:22:25,152
Aí ele falou:

248
00:22:26,598 --> 00:22:30,694
"Ah não, mas aí eu sentiria
falta das crianças."

249
00:22:30,694 --> 00:22:34,782
Ela ainda ficou bolada porque ele não
disse que sentiria falta dela, né?

250
00:22:40,726 --> 00:22:43,503
Mas então teve um pacto estranho

251
00:22:43,503 --> 00:22:48,583
de que ela não ia pra Inglaterra
com as crianças,

252
00:22:48,583 --> 00:22:52,706
mas ele ia sair quando quisesse,
namorar quem ele quisesse, coisa e tal

253
00:22:53,106 --> 00:22:56,153
namorar quem ele quisesse,
coisa e tal,

254
00:22:56,153 --> 00:22:58,551
e ela ficava segurando
a barra em casa.

255
00:22:58,551 --> 00:23:01,237
Até ela morrer durou essa situação.

256
00:23:02,921 --> 00:23:05,921
Porque ela quis!

257
00:23:05,921 --> 00:23:08,775
E nisso eu não vou dizer
que eu não tenha sofrido,

258
00:23:08,775 --> 00:23:11,134
que a minha irmã não tenha sofrido,
que meu irmão...

259
00:23:11,134 --> 00:23:14,999
que ela não tenha sofrido horrores,
que ele também sofreu horrores.

260
00:23:14,999 --> 00:23:18,567
Claro que sim. Todo mundo sofre.
Não tem essa história.

261
00:23:18,567 --> 00:23:22,871
E se sofre por amor mais
do que por qualquer outra coisa.

262
00:23:26,110 --> 00:23:28,765
Eu não sei se eu contei a história
do Léo Vitor, meu amigo.

263
00:23:28,765 --> 00:23:31,525
Eu tinha um grande amigo chamado
Léo Vitor Oliveira

264
00:23:31,525 --> 00:23:34,525
e, quando comecei a namorar Callado,
eu fui avisar Léo Vitor,

265
00:23:34,525 --> 00:23:36,427
porque a gente se dava muito.

266
00:23:36,427 --> 00:23:38,901
Disse:
"Léo, tô namorando Antonio Callado."

267
00:23:38,901 --> 00:23:44,069
"Ana Arruda, mas logo Antonio Callado?!
Você não sabe da fama dele?

268
00:23:44,069 --> 00:23:47,469
Diz que no 'Correio da Manhã'
ele namorou de Niomar Moniz Sodré

269
00:23:47,469 --> 00:23:50,053
à telefonista.
Passou por todas!"

270
00:23:52,325 --> 00:23:54,444
Aí eu fiquei horrorizada e disse:
"Meu Deus!"

271
00:23:54,444 --> 00:23:58,960
Vi que era meio exagero de Léo,
brincadeira, mas fiquei impressionada.

272
00:23:58,960 --> 00:24:00,424
Aí eu procurei o Marcito.

273
00:24:00,424 --> 00:24:03,334
"Marcito, escuta,
é verdade essa história?"

274
00:24:03,334 --> 00:24:07,076
Marcito disse:
"Não, é uma injustiça horrorosa.

275
00:24:07,076 --> 00:24:09,885
A telefonista, Dona Maria José,
é uma mulher muito séria."

276
00:24:12,580 --> 00:24:14,309
Só salvou a telefonista.

277
00:24:16,821 --> 00:24:19,853
A Tônia Carrero...
Tinha uma foto que eu não botei

278
00:24:19,853 --> 00:24:22,038
na foto-biografia
porque eu achei um pouco demais.

279
00:24:25,212 --> 00:24:28,685
Mas, de fato, tanto que,
na passeata dos cem mil,

280
00:24:28,686 --> 00:24:31,550
tem o Renato Archer lá atrás,
mas ele está cercado.

281
00:24:31,550 --> 00:24:35,850
Maria Inês Duque Estrada, Norma Bengell
com a mão no ombro dele

282
00:24:35,850 --> 00:24:37,307
e Odete Lara ao lado.

283
00:24:37,307 --> 00:24:39,889
-Lindas!
-Lindas.

284
00:24:54,002 --> 00:24:58,408
Eu já tinha sido preso, preso sem
nenhuma formalidade, preso preso

285
00:24:58,758 --> 00:25:03,430
por um tenente e um sargento
que me prenderam em casa

286
00:25:03,430 --> 00:25:07,701
e me obrigaram a carregar um quadro
do Che Guevara, que era pesadíssimo,

287
00:25:07,701 --> 00:25:10,525
que era um daqueles cartazes enormes
e tinha vidro.

288
00:25:10,525 --> 00:25:14,604
Eu tinha que carregar aquilo
antes de eles me hospedarem

289
00:25:14,604 --> 00:25:16,325
aqui no batalhão de guardas.

290
00:25:16,325 --> 00:25:19,820
Nós fomos a Gericinó, fomos a
uma porção de lugares aí do Exército.

291
00:25:19,820 --> 00:25:23,045
Eu não sei muito bem por quê.
Não tinha lugar, tava cheio de preso.

292
00:25:23,045 --> 00:25:24,165
Não sei o que era.

293
00:25:24,165 --> 00:25:27,469
E, cada vez que eu entrava no jipe
que nos transportava,

294
00:25:27,469 --> 00:25:32,189
eu tinha que carregar aquele quadro,
que aliás acabaram confiscando o quadro

295
00:25:32,189 --> 00:25:35,804
eu confesso que com um certo alívio meu
que não aguentava mais carregar.

296
00:25:35,804 --> 00:25:42,190
Era um pôster grande, sabe, do Che.
E perdi, deixei pra lá.

297
00:25:49,564 --> 00:25:53,237
Chegou um dia, tavam falando
que ia ter o AI-2.

298
00:25:53,237 --> 00:25:58,957
E eu fiz o AI-2 da minha cabeça dizendo
que o Brasil, Estados Unidos do Brasil,

299
00:25:58,957 --> 00:26:02,549
a partir daquele dia seria
o Brasil dos Estados Unidos.

300
00:26:02,549 --> 00:26:08,139
Aí houve realmente uma reação
muito grande dos militares.

301
00:26:08,139 --> 00:26:14,750
Os militares então cortaram toda
a publicidade do "Correio da Manhã".

302
00:26:14,750 --> 00:26:19,247
E eu, tanto vi que o negócio tava feio,
disse: "Bom, vou-me embora."

303
00:26:21,532 --> 00:26:26,434
Rio de Janeiro, 25 de fevereiro de 65,
senhor Antônio Callado.

304
00:26:57,675 --> 00:26:59,477
Essa foi a carta que mandei pra ele.

305
00:26:59,477 --> 00:27:01,034
Agora, deixa eu ver aqui...

306
00:27:01,689 --> 00:27:05,629
"Entregando meu pedido de demissão
à gerência do 'Correio da Manhã',

307
00:27:05,629 --> 00:27:10,482
o jornalista Antônio Callado apresentou
o seu próprio pedido de demissão,

308
00:27:10,482 --> 00:27:13,306
deixando também
de fazer parte daquele jornal."

309
00:27:13,306 --> 00:27:17,817
Tanto o poeta como o romancista,
este homem não pode fingir

310
00:27:17,817 --> 00:27:20,233
que não tem nada que ver
com o que está ocorrendo em volta dele.

311
00:27:20,233 --> 00:27:22,169
Isso eu acho absolutamente monstruoso.

312
00:27:22,169 --> 00:27:25,993
Sobretudo em momentos graves
da vida nacional.

313
00:27:25,993 --> 00:27:29,029
E você sabe que a gente vive
em momentos graves nesse país, né?

314
00:27:29,029 --> 00:27:32,145
Não pode alegar que,
como ele é escritor,

315
00:27:32,145 --> 00:27:37,945
ele não tá sabendo o que ocorre
nas prisões ou onde seja no país,

316
00:27:37,945 --> 00:27:41,681
ou no interior do país.
Realmente, isso eu acho indesculpável.

317
00:27:41,681 --> 00:27:46,058
Quanto à liberdade de criação,
essa deve ser total.

318
00:27:46,058 --> 00:27:50,610
Eu não vejo nenhuma incompatibilidade,
entende, entre o sujeito escrever

319
00:27:50,610 --> 00:27:55,540
a mais hermética
das novelas ou das poesias

320
00:27:55,540 --> 00:28:01,015
e participar ativamente da vida
e inclusive do sofrimento do país.

321
00:28:01,015 --> 00:28:01,989
Pelo amor de Deus.

322
00:28:02,375 --> 00:28:06,347
O Callado foi o único jornalista
que ficou proibido, por lei,

323
00:28:06,347 --> 00:28:08,056
a escrever em jornal.

324
00:28:08,056 --> 00:28:14,418
Se algum jornal publicasse artigo
do Callado nessa época,

325
00:28:14,418 --> 00:28:15,632
seria preso.

326
00:28:28,783 --> 00:28:33,471
A minha geração lê "Quarup" ainda
se sentindo próxima do livro.

327
00:28:33,471 --> 00:28:37,663
se sentindo próxima do livro.

328
00:28:37,259 --> 00:28:41,566
Certamente enquanto houver interesse
pela literatura, o Callado tá lá

329
00:28:41,916 --> 00:28:44,018
e foi uma voz muito expressiva.

330
00:28:44,018 --> 00:28:48,181
E eu digo isso porque
outras pessoas não acham, mas eu acho.

331
00:28:48,181 --> 00:28:55,388
Quer dizer, acho que a coisa tenha
um sustentáculo estético-literário

332
00:28:55,388 --> 00:29:00,372
que aguenta o tranco e que tem
uma visão do Brasil fundamental.

333
00:29:24,723 --> 00:29:27,788
Eu li esse livro
quando eu tinha, sei lá...

334
00:29:27,788 --> 00:29:31,852
Eu era jovem.
Fazia faculdade de Letras na UFRJ.

335
00:29:32,689 --> 00:29:35,235
O livro tinha pra nós
uma importância enorme.

336
00:29:35,235 --> 00:29:38,539
Tinha todo classicamente o lugar
do intelectual de esquerda no Brasil.

337
00:29:38,539 --> 00:29:40,945
O escritor.
O que que ele representava.

338
00:29:40,945 --> 00:29:43,134
E o que rolou é
que eu li esse livro agora.

339
00:29:43,134 --> 00:29:47,190
Reli a partir do convite
da gente reler o livro hoje.

340
00:29:47,190 --> 00:29:49,670
Né? O livro...
50 anos depois.

341
00:29:49,670 --> 00:29:52,606
Ele fica naquela clave
de intérprete do Brasil.

342
00:29:52,606 --> 00:29:55,894
Efetivamente o intelectual hoje,
ele já não tem mais essa tarefa,

343
00:29:55,894 --> 00:29:59,334
ele já não se outorga mais
esse lugar de uma forma tão cômoda,

344
00:29:59,334 --> 00:30:01,774
mas num certo sentido é como
se a gente fosse levado o tempo todo

345
00:30:01,774 --> 00:30:04,078
a tentar desconstruir isso,
porque a gente não se outorga,

346
00:30:04,078 --> 00:30:06,654
mas parece que é isso
que se espera ainda.

347
00:30:06,654 --> 00:30:08,174
Então é tenso, né?

348
00:30:08,174 --> 00:30:11,166
Eu fico com a impressão
de que é um último sopro, assim,

349
00:30:11,166 --> 00:30:16,238
desse projeto modernista.
Ele tem essa busca do centro,

350
00:30:16,238 --> 00:30:19,046
mas, ao mesmo tempo,
já tem ali a impossibilidade, né?

351
00:30:19,046 --> 00:30:20,717
Você vê o personagem do Fontoura.

352
00:30:20,717 --> 00:30:22,212
-Que é o que vai lidar com os índios.
-É maravilhoso.

353
00:30:22,212 --> 00:30:25,885
Que ao mesmo tempo é um bêbado,
então ele tem uma paixão,

354
00:30:25,885 --> 00:30:30,991
ele morre devorado por saúvas,
quando finalmente acha o tal do centro.

355
00:30:30,991 --> 00:30:36,742
E, nesse momento,
tem uma outra leitura de Brasil

356
00:30:36,742 --> 00:30:39,126
através dessa metáfora da formiga.

357
00:30:39,126 --> 00:30:42,254
-Ele bota...
-Olha só, formiga é operário.

358
00:30:42,254 --> 00:30:44,277
-É.
-Formiga anda no coletivo.

359
00:30:44,277 --> 00:30:48,254
Tem toda uma coisa de coletividade
na ideia de trabalho.

360
00:30:48,254 --> 00:30:50,319
Você não quer ler
esse trecho, Domingos?

361
00:30:50,319 --> 00:30:51,897
-Posso ler, posso ler.
-É lindo isso.

362
00:30:51,897 --> 00:30:53,036
É muito bonito.

363
00:30:54,543 --> 00:30:59,096
"Levanta, Fontoura, levanta! Põe
o seu ouvido na terra, disse Fontoura.

364
00:30:59,096 --> 00:31:03,271
Pra quê? Levanta! Mas,
na impossibilidade de erguer Fontoura,

365
00:31:03,271 --> 00:31:07,872
Francisca se curvou, deitou o rosto
sobre as formigas enlouquecidas,

366
00:31:07,872 --> 00:31:12,669
sentiu viva e feroz a terra de Levindo.
Tá ouvindo? disse Fontoura.

367
00:31:12,669 --> 00:31:14,390
-O que?
-O coração.

368
00:31:14,390 --> 00:31:17,573
Estou ouvindo, disse Francisca,
agora levante, Fontoura.

369
00:31:17,573 --> 00:31:20,909
-Você ouviu bem? disse Fontoura
-Ouvi! Ouvi! Agora vamos.

370
00:31:20,909 --> 00:31:24,598
Estou perguntando porque
a gente ouve leve, a batida é funda.

371
00:31:24,598 --> 00:31:30,510
Nando encontrou Francisca sem sentidos
contra o tronco de árvore sentada.

372
00:31:30,510 --> 00:31:33,542
Entre suas pernas, aninhado
no seu ventre, Fontoura,

373
00:31:33,542 --> 00:31:37,206
como se tivesse acabado de nascer dela,
só que estava morto.

374
00:31:37,206 --> 00:31:38,702
-Bravo!
-É incrível!

375
00:31:41,781 --> 00:31:46,077
Eu acho que o Callado revê
o ponto de vista dele,

376
00:31:46,077 --> 00:31:52,309
sobretudo no final do "Quarup",
ele revê nos livros depois,

377
00:31:52,309 --> 00:31:55,919
em "Bar Don Juan",
em "Reflexos do Baile".

378
00:31:55,919 --> 00:32:02,206
E, toma uma distância crítica
com relação a essa saída,

379
00:32:02,206 --> 00:32:06,438
que nem sempre foi reconhecida
pela crítica essa revisão que ele fez.

380
00:32:06,438 --> 00:32:09,274
O "Bar Don Juan", por exemplo,
a repercussão foi terrível.

381
00:32:09,274 --> 00:32:13,713
Você lembra disso.
A crítica vai se impactar, porque,

382
00:32:13,713 --> 00:32:18,649
o tempo inteiro, ele tá dialogando
com o que ele escreveu antes.

383
00:32:18,649 --> 00:32:24,294
E aí o personagem Nando vai ser revisto
de uma maneira extremamente dura

384
00:32:24,294 --> 00:32:26,616
que é o lugar da esquerda...

385
00:32:26,616 --> 00:32:27,931
Em "Bar Don Juan"?

386
00:32:27,931 --> 00:32:31,545
Em "Bar Don Juan", em Bar Lagoa.
Em todos os bares que a gente...

387
00:32:31,545 --> 00:32:34,537
E aí o documental se mistura.

388
00:33:07,913 --> 00:33:12,425
E eu amei. Eu chorava desabaladamente
lendo o "Bar Don Juan".

389
00:33:13,401 --> 00:33:16,579
E o pessoal ficou enfurecido
com o livro.

390
00:33:17,181 --> 00:33:20,603
"Callado é um traidor.
Como é que fala em esquerda festiva?

391
00:33:20,603 --> 00:33:22,126
Como é que não sei o que lá?"

392
00:33:22,893 --> 00:33:27,696
Eu aí fiquei danada da vida
e comentei com Armando Strozenberg,

393
00:33:27,696 --> 00:33:30,860
que era meu amigo desde o tempo
do "Jornal do Brasil"

394
00:33:30,860 --> 00:33:32,543
e conhecia bem Callado.

395
00:33:32,543 --> 00:33:35,704
Disse: "Armando, mas que injustiça
tão fazendo com o Callado!

396
00:33:35,704 --> 00:33:40,109
O livro é ótimo e o livro é verdadeiro
quanto à esquerda."

397
00:33:41,485 --> 00:33:47,181
Aí Armando disse:
"Ana, conta isso. Conta pra ele.

398
00:33:47,181 --> 00:33:48,677
Telefona pra Callado."

399
00:33:48,677 --> 00:33:50,418
Eu disse:
"Não sei se tenho coragem."

400
00:33:50,418 --> 00:33:54,477
"Ah, bobagem, ele tá sendo tão
massacrado que é melhor você ligar."

401
00:33:55,578 --> 00:34:00,660
Eu liguei e ele disse:
"Que maravilha ouvir isso de você,

402
00:34:00,660 --> 00:34:02,957
porque realmente
tão massacrando o livro.

403
00:34:02,957 --> 00:34:05,586
Vamos conversar mais sobre isso."

404
00:34:05,586 --> 00:34:06,789
Aí marcamos um jantar.

405
00:34:06,789 --> 00:34:09,900
Marcamos um jantar no Álvaro's.

406
00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:13,845
E a partir daí
a gente não se largou mais.

407
00:34:19,275 --> 00:34:23,358
Um feriado ou coisa assim,
coincidindo com um fim de semana,

408
00:34:23,358 --> 00:34:29,548
e estávamos no aniversário de alguém
e acabamos saindo desse aniversário

409
00:34:29,548 --> 00:34:32,099
e pra ir pra onde?
Então fomos lá pra casa.

410
00:34:32,099 --> 00:34:34,675
Eu morava naquele tempo
na Rua Timóteo da Costa.

411
00:34:34,675 --> 00:34:36,410
O apartamento era grande e tal.

412
00:34:36,410 --> 00:34:39,713
E começamos a ouvir música
e de repente o Callado...

413
00:34:39,713 --> 00:34:43,634
A Ana Arruda estava conosco. Estava
com ele, em companhia do Callado.

414
00:34:43,634 --> 00:34:48,196
Os dois começaram a dançar
e dançaram mesmo o tempo todo.

415
00:34:48,196 --> 00:34:52,909
Transformaram a minha sala num baile,
numa sala de baile.

416
00:34:52,909 --> 00:34:54,815
E foram assim até o fim.

417
00:34:56,767 --> 00:35:00,234
Me lembro que a mamãe tava dirigindo
o automóvel e tava me levando...

418
00:35:00,234 --> 00:35:02,968
Acho que pro Tablado mesmo,
acho que eu já tava ensaiando.

419
00:35:02,968 --> 00:35:05,591
Aí a mamãe disse assim
pra mim no carro, ela falou:

420
00:35:05,591 --> 00:35:11,322
"Ah não, mas agora esse namoro
do seu pai não é...

421
00:35:11,322 --> 00:35:13,928
Agora é sério."

422
00:35:14,121 --> 00:35:16,631
"O Amor que move o sol
e as outras estrelas",

423
00:35:16,631 --> 00:35:20,191
dizia o Dante acabando
a "Divina Comédia".

424
00:35:20,191 --> 00:35:25,687
Todas as demais forças não significam
nada fora dessa coisa misteriosa

425
00:35:25,687 --> 00:35:29,661
que o Dante pegou
nessa imagem tremenda,

426
00:35:29,661 --> 00:35:34,030
porque na realidade que diabo é isso
que organizou o sistema solar todo?

427
00:35:34,030 --> 00:35:37,199
Que história é essa
dos planetas girarem?

428
00:35:37,199 --> 00:35:39,967
E tudo ter essa ordem e tal?

429
00:35:39,967 --> 00:35:42,328
O que que é isso?
Que nome você vai dar a essa força?

430
00:35:42,328 --> 00:35:45,967
Como se fosse um movimento amoroso.

431
00:35:49,863 --> 00:35:53,176
A nossa casa era na Rua Aperana,
Leblon. Um apartamento, né?

432
00:35:53,176 --> 00:35:57,129
Mas um apartamento adorável
porque tinha um terraço.

433
00:35:57,129 --> 00:36:01,853
Onde a gente via os Dois Irmãos
dum lado e a praia do Leblon do outro.

434
00:36:01,853 --> 00:36:03,988
O próprio terraço tinha isso.

435
00:36:03,988 --> 00:36:07,572
E nesse terraço a gente
dava muito jantar, era muito gostoso.

436
00:36:07,572 --> 00:36:09,598
O jantar ficava lá embaixo na mesa,

437
00:36:09,598 --> 00:36:13,574
mas os drinques e a conversa boa
eram lá em cima.

438
00:36:14,186 --> 00:36:18,457
E realmente aquele terraço viu muita
coisa boa.

439
00:36:18,457 --> 00:36:21,862
Porque nós tínhamos amigos formidáveis.

440
00:36:22,289 --> 00:36:27,826
E um dia a gente ia fazer um jantar
pra alguma...

441
00:36:27,826 --> 00:36:32,037
Era uma figura... Um estrangeiro.
Um escritor estrangeiro.

442
00:36:33,387 --> 00:36:36,758
Aí Callado disse: "Anna,
quem a gente convida? Fulano, Siclano?"

443
00:36:36,758 --> 00:36:39,237
"Mas, bebezinho,
vamos convidar Darcy."

444
00:36:40,338 --> 00:36:42,829
Darcy, nesse tempo acho
que ainda era Berta. Darcy e Berta.

445
00:36:42,829 --> 00:36:46,268
Ele disse:
"Mas que genial a sua ideia.

446
00:36:46,268 --> 00:36:48,773
Porque Darcy vindo
eu não preciso falar."

447
00:36:52,712 --> 00:36:56,265
Ele adorava fica quieto
ouvindo a conversa, sabe qual é?

448
00:37:10,287 --> 00:37:14,573
Quando eu voltei de Londres,
eu achei a minha família...

449
00:37:14,573 --> 00:37:16,510
em ruínas.

450
00:37:18,367 --> 00:37:23,039
E a minha mãe tava com câncer,
ela teve que tirar um seio.

451
00:37:23,039 --> 00:37:24,606
A minha irmã tava esquizofrênica.

452
00:37:24,606 --> 00:37:27,983
E o negócio da Toni era
bem mais complicado.

453
00:37:27,983 --> 00:37:31,175
Quer dizer, ele já tinha assistido
a irmã dele, ele já sabia.

454
00:37:31,175 --> 00:37:34,695
Ele inicialmente tinha dito
à minha mãe que não queria filhos

455
00:37:34,695 --> 00:37:39,138
porque ele tinha temor exatamente
disso que aconteceu.

456
00:37:39,138 --> 00:37:42,463
Ela começou a apresentar sinais
de esquizofrenia.

457
00:37:45,048 --> 00:37:48,618
Callado arrumou
um psiquiatra pra ela.

458
00:37:48,618 --> 00:37:52,526
Que era uma pessoa muito dedicada.
E foi foi.

459
00:37:54,108 --> 00:37:58,923
Teve um momento que...
É horrível contar isso, mas vou contar.

460
00:37:58,923 --> 00:38:04,288
Que ela teve que ser internada
para fazer sonoterapia.

461
00:38:04,288 --> 00:38:06,994
A única vez que ele internou ela.

462
00:38:06,994 --> 00:38:11,191
Em Botafogo.
Na casa de saúde de Botafogo.

463
00:38:11,191 --> 00:38:13,830
E nós fomos visitá-la.

464
00:38:14,417 --> 00:38:17,798
E quando nós entramos
a enfermeira disse assim:

465
00:38:17,798 --> 00:38:21,408
"Aí, que bom que chegaram."
Porque a menina não saía do chuveiro.

466
00:38:22,934 --> 00:38:29,903
Eu fui até o chuveiro, desliguei,
peguei nela. Ela tava gelada.

467
00:38:30,808 --> 00:38:33,368
Aí aconteceu uma coisa
que me afligiu muito.

468
00:38:33,368 --> 00:38:36,429
Ela se abaixou e começou a beijar
a minha barriga.

469
00:38:37,935 --> 00:38:40,246
Deu vários beijos na minha barriga,
me abraçou.

470
00:38:42,783 --> 00:38:46,786
Aí eu disse: "Vamos vestir, né,
Toninha? Vamos vestir."

471
00:38:46,786 --> 00:38:49,993
Aí eu fui devagarzinho vestindo,
o Callado hirto.

472
00:38:49,993 --> 00:38:55,006
Ele ficava nervosíssimo assim do lado,
olhando pra ela amorosamente,

473
00:38:55,006 --> 00:38:56,630
mas, assim, duro, né.

474
00:38:56,630 --> 00:38:59,977
Aí ela começou com aquela coisa
de querer morrer.

475
00:39:03,810 --> 00:39:08,323
Tentou se atirar da janela.
Tentou. Depois ficou bem.

476
00:39:08,323 --> 00:39:09,838
Bem, quer dizer...

477
00:39:10,568 --> 00:39:15,298
Aí o psiquiatra, esse primeiro, disse:
"É esquizofrenia mesmo."

478
00:39:15,298 --> 00:39:22,103
Aí Callado falou com vários amigos
e arrumou um, vamos dizer,

479
00:39:22,103 --> 00:39:24,533
bem mais avançado,
que tinha métodos.

480
00:39:24,533 --> 00:39:28,098
E que tinha uns rapazes e moças
que trabalhavam com ele,

481
00:39:28,098 --> 00:39:30,601
então iam lá buscar Tônia
para ir ao cinema.

482
00:39:30,601 --> 00:39:33,225
Quer dizer, não era só tratamento,
era também...

483
00:39:34,659 --> 00:39:36,738
E ela tava bastante bem.

484
00:39:37,987 --> 00:39:42,524
E ela foi melhorando, quer dizer,
melhorando... Tava assim.

485
00:39:42,525 --> 00:39:45,163
Quando a gente resolveu ir pra Maricá.

486
00:39:45,905 --> 00:39:48,018
Aí Callado ligou pra Tessy:
"Tessy, meu bem,

487
00:39:48,018 --> 00:39:51,851
eu tô precisando muito ir a Maricá
com Anna. Você fica com Tônia?"

488
00:39:51,851 --> 00:39:53,763
Ela disse:
"Claro, Tônia fica aqui."

489
00:39:53,763 --> 00:39:55,316
Aí fomos.

490
00:39:55,316 --> 00:40:01,363
No domingo aparece lá em casa
Ênio Silveira com a Lígia Jobi,

491
00:40:01,363 --> 00:40:03,170
com quem ele tava casado então,

492
00:40:04,738 --> 00:40:06,274
Moacir e Neném.

493
00:40:07,629 --> 00:40:12,701
E eu tava conversando
com um vizinho nosso quando ele disse:

494
00:40:12,701 --> 00:40:14,152
"Ih, Anna, tem visita!"

495
00:40:14,152 --> 00:40:16,685
Eu olhei e disse:
"2 carros. Pô!"

496
00:40:18,924 --> 00:40:24,324
Aí eu digo: "Não, peraí, é um pouco
demais visita hoje sem aviso."

497
00:40:24,324 --> 00:40:26,095
Aí, desci.

498
00:40:26,095 --> 00:40:29,916
Eram eles com a notícia de que Tônia
tinha se matado na casa de Tessy.

499
00:40:39,511 --> 00:40:43,054
Quando ele chegou no IML,
aí ele chorou.

500
00:40:43,054 --> 00:40:47,630
Mas chorou assim, a lágrima correndo
e ele com a cara impassível.

501
00:40:47,630 --> 00:40:51,551
Como eu nunca tinha visto ele chorar.
Fiquei, né...

502
00:40:53,399 --> 00:40:57,341
E aí, minha filha, eu tenho certeza
que o câncer dele veio daí.

503
00:40:57,341 --> 00:41:01,847
De tanto fechar,
esconder a dor, sabe?

504
00:42:23,560 --> 00:42:25,813
Isso eu direi
que eu guardo de referência.

505
00:42:34,749 --> 00:42:38,106
O Callado você descobria ele
aos poucos.

506
00:42:38,106 --> 00:42:40,989
Compreendeu?
Eu mesmo até hoje ainda incorporo

507
00:42:40,989 --> 00:42:44,862
coisas sobre o Callado, da vida dele.
Compreendeu? Até hoje.

508
00:42:44,862 --> 00:42:49,294
Eu me lembro várias vezes ele subiu
comigo pra Petrópolis à noite.

509
00:42:49,294 --> 00:42:55,181
Ele ia ouvindo, gostava de ouvir,
suscitava conversa, propunha conversa.

510
00:42:55,181 --> 00:42:59,094
A gente falava, falava... Ele era
de falar pouco, não era de falar muito.

511
00:43:05,825 --> 00:43:09,223
Eu hoje em dia gosto muito
das minhas manhãs.

512
00:43:09,223 --> 00:43:13,760
Não só para trabalhar,
como para ir à praia.

513
00:43:13,760 --> 00:43:16,680
Não só para andar na praia,
como pra tomar banho de mar.

514
00:43:16,680 --> 00:43:20,800
E somente é uma coisa que me ficou
dos tempos de menino lá em Icaraí.

515
00:43:20,800 --> 00:43:24,369
E até hoje eu gosto muito de praia,
gosto muito de mar.

516
00:43:24,369 --> 00:43:28,435
Agora, pro trabalho, eu gostava
imensamente de Petrópolis, sabe?

517
00:43:28,435 --> 00:43:31,248
Realmente, é um lugarzinho muito bom
de trabalho

518
00:43:31,248 --> 00:43:33,080
e você fica mais isolado.

519
00:43:38,458 --> 00:43:42,737
Todo dia andava
até ali o Paço Imperial,

520
00:43:42,737 --> 00:43:47,652
o jardim, ele ficava muito sentado
ali lendo jornal

521
00:43:47,652 --> 00:43:49,457
antes de voltar pra casa.

522
00:43:50,873 --> 00:43:54,521
E lá a paz dele...
Nossa, eu estava lá com ele

523
00:43:54,521 --> 00:43:59,165
quando um vizinho bateu lá,
um vizinho bateu lá e disse:

524
00:43:59,165 --> 00:44:02,334
"Desculpe, mas é Antônio Callado
que tá aqui, certo?

525
00:44:02,334 --> 00:44:05,783
Ah, é porque tão telefonando
para todos..."

526
00:44:05,783 --> 00:44:07,530
Nós não tínhamos telefone lá.

527
00:44:07,530 --> 00:44:10,593
Ele não queria exatamente
pra concentrar no trabalho.

528
00:44:10,593 --> 00:44:14,931
"Tão telefonando pra todo mundo,
ligaram agora pra mim que sou vizinho

529
00:44:14,931 --> 00:44:17,596
da Revista ISTOÉ.

530
00:44:17,596 --> 00:44:19,725
Que eles tão muito preocupados
e precisam falar com você

531
00:44:19,725 --> 00:44:22,245
de qualquer maneira
e aí deram esse telefone."

532
00:44:22,245 --> 00:44:24,058
Callado disse: "Tá bem,
muito obrigado."

533
00:44:24,361 --> 00:44:28,267
Descemos, fomos para a telefônica
que era logo ao lado.

534
00:44:28,700 --> 00:44:34,627
Callado ligou
e era o editor da ISTOÉ

535
00:44:34,627 --> 00:44:40,491
muito preocupado porque Callado
tinha escrito um artigo muito duro,

536
00:44:40,491 --> 00:44:43,113
muito...
contra o Sérgio Fleury,

537
00:44:44,758 --> 00:44:49,214
falando da tortura da Madre Maurina,
coisa e tal.

538
00:44:49,214 --> 00:44:53,358
E terminava dizendo:
"E a gente ainda vai ver esse homem

539
00:44:53,358 --> 00:44:58,695
viajando para ocupar uma embaixada
e dando banana pra todos nós."

540
00:44:58,695 --> 00:45:01,733
Aí o editor ficou preocupado e disse:

541
00:45:01,733 --> 00:45:05,052
"Callado, é pra dar a notícia
de que o Sérgio Fleury morreu."

542
00:45:05,052 --> 00:45:09,104
Caiu do barco,
aquele assassinato disfarçado, né?

543
00:45:09,104 --> 00:45:10,677
Queima de arquivo.

544
00:45:10,677 --> 00:45:13,980
"Morreu e a gente quer saber
se você mantém o artigo."

545
00:45:13,980 --> 00:45:15,772
Ele disse:
"Ué. Claro."

546
00:45:15,772 --> 00:45:17,574
"Callado, então eu vou pedir
uma licença a você,

547
00:45:17,574 --> 00:45:20,758
vamos tirar essa banana do final
porque fica grotesco...

548
00:45:20,758 --> 00:45:23,190
um defunto dando banana."

549
00:45:23,190 --> 00:45:25,841
Callado disse: "Tudo bem,
tira a banana, mas põe

550
00:45:25,841 --> 00:45:31,239
que ele vai ganhar uma embaixada,
porque era a situação 4 dias atrás."

551
00:45:34,919 --> 00:45:38,707
E ele escreveu "Reflexos do Baile" lá.
Todo. Todo.

552
00:45:39,796 --> 00:45:44,765
A partir de 75, ele se dedica
a uma espécie de artesanato,

553
00:45:44,765 --> 00:45:49,308
não mais à indústria da informação
e à prosa comunicante,

554
00:45:49,308 --> 00:45:54,989
mas à linguagem elaboradíssima
de forma lapidar e decisiva.

555
00:45:55,474 --> 00:45:58,579
O "Reflexos do Baile" foi
um livro central por isso.

556
00:45:58,579 --> 00:46:02,283
Eu defini o livro como sendo
um livro mosaico.

557
00:46:03,387 --> 00:46:08,896
Um livro feito com ladrilhos quebrados,
como chão, entendeu?

558
00:46:09,580 --> 00:46:15,834
São fragmentos que se integram
num painel de que era o Brasil

559
00:46:15,834 --> 00:46:19,637
daquela agitação daqueles anos.

560
00:46:19,637 --> 00:46:24,810
Talvez ele não tenha
aquela força expansiva e de crença, né?

561
00:46:24,810 --> 00:46:31,647
Agora veja que o Glauber Rocha,
que é um termômetro sensível

562
00:46:31,647 --> 00:46:37,067
e um catalisador do que acontecia
no Brasil como grande artista que era.

563
00:46:37,067 --> 00:46:41,962
Ele percebeu tanto o "Quarup"
como percebeu o "Reflexos do Baile".

564
00:46:41,962 --> 00:46:43,483
E quis filmar os dois.

565
00:46:43,483 --> 00:46:46,387
E infelizmente não filmou
nenhum dos dois.

566
00:46:48,764 --> 00:46:51,276
Do ponto de vista
da minha carreira de romancista,

567
00:46:51,276 --> 00:46:58,637
eu tava muito concentrado
num romance meu

568
00:46:58,637 --> 00:47:03,801
que me parece o único
que realmente tem força em si,

569
00:47:03,801 --> 00:47:05,878
que é o "Reflexos do Baile".

570
00:47:05,878 --> 00:47:10,833
Então é o seguinte:
pra mim, aquilo é a obra prima.

571
00:47:10,833 --> 00:47:13,128
A minha, evidentemente,
não a dos outros.

572
00:47:15,329 --> 00:47:19,273
Callado, eu não sei se eu tô correto
e você por favor se eu tiver errado...

573
00:47:19,273 --> 00:47:24,296
porque eu não sou crítico literário.
Mas eu acho que nesse livro,

574
00:47:24,296 --> 00:47:28,105
há uma mudança de estilo.

575
00:47:28,105 --> 00:47:31,504
-Há uma mudança de linguagem sua.
-Completa.

576
00:47:32,910 --> 00:47:36,647
Como se você tivesse realmente,
nesse romance, trabalhado a questão

577
00:47:36,647 --> 00:47:38,932
da linguagem muito mais
do que você trabalhou nos outros.

578
00:47:38,932 --> 00:47:40,310
Isso era verdadeiro?

579
00:47:40,310 --> 00:47:42,077
Vou dizer a você o que aconteceu.

580
00:47:42,077 --> 00:47:46,529
Foi o primeiro livro
que eu escrevi fora do jornal.

581
00:47:46,529 --> 00:47:51,910
Então é o primeiro livro que eu faço,
que eu fiz, digamos assim,

582
00:47:51,910 --> 00:47:53,893
inteiramente à vontade.

583
00:47:53,893 --> 00:47:56,974
O que eu queria escrever, eu escrevi.

584
00:48:01,015 --> 00:48:06,142
Passo agora a ler trechos
do meu romance "Reflexos do Baile",

585
00:48:06,142 --> 00:48:09,159
do ano de 1977.

586
00:48:09,159 --> 00:48:12,055
Vou ler a primeira carta
encerrada no livro,

587
00:48:12,055 --> 00:48:15,326
tendo o embaixador português no Rio
ao seu filho em Portugal.

588
00:49:26,070 --> 00:49:28,567
Eu fui pro Vietnã do Norte,
como você há de imaginar,

589
00:49:28,567 --> 00:49:31,886
decidido a ser inteiramente imparcial.

590
00:49:31,886 --> 00:49:34,250
Eu fui lá para ser a favor
do Vietnã do Norte.

591
00:49:34,250 --> 00:49:36,629
Eu tava cheio
do noticiário americano aqui.

592
00:49:36,629 --> 00:49:40,565
Todas as nossas notícias vinham
de fonte americana.

593
00:49:40,565 --> 00:49:45,887
E aquele pequeno povo de 14 milhões
aguentando aquela guerra fantástica,

594
00:49:45,887 --> 00:49:47,037
que eles acabaram ganhando.

595
00:49:47,037 --> 00:49:51,229
É uma das histórias da carochinha
mais fantásticas dos tempos modernos.

596
00:49:51,229 --> 00:49:53,310
A lembrança
que eu guardei daquele tempo

597
00:49:53,310 --> 00:49:55,723
foi realmente a do grupo de pessoas,

598
00:49:55,723 --> 00:50:01,209
da nação mais absolutamente comovedora

599
00:50:01,209 --> 00:50:06,157
e geradora do maior entusiasmo
que já vi na minha vida.

600
00:50:06,157 --> 00:50:10,309
E eu vi os franceses
logo depois da retirada dos alemães.

601
00:50:10,309 --> 00:50:11,994
Tive na Inglaterra durante a guerra.

602
00:50:11,994 --> 00:50:15,541
Quer dizer, realmente tô fazendo
uma comparação jornalística

603
00:50:15,541 --> 00:50:19,359
de quem viu, pelo menos, digamos,
do meu tempo,

604
00:50:19,359 --> 00:50:23,609
os talvez momentos mais sérios

605
00:50:23,609 --> 00:50:27,339
e importantes da luta das democracias

606
00:50:27,339 --> 00:50:30,197
contra poderes totalitários.

607
00:50:30,197 --> 00:50:35,085
Porque no caso do Vietnã, os EUA,
que são esse modelo de democracia,

608
00:50:35,085 --> 00:50:37,781
agiram como um país totalitário.

609
00:53:35,116 --> 00:53:39,881
Você não consegue ser, digamos,
socialista, esquerdista,

610
00:53:39,881 --> 00:53:41,300
ou à favor de Cuba

611
00:53:41,300 --> 00:53:45,949
e nenhum jornal brasileiro
dos de primeira linha...

612
00:53:45,949 --> 00:53:48,165
Não tem nenhum.
São todos contra.

613
00:53:48,165 --> 00:53:53,124
Agora você consegue ter a sua opinião
lá dentro, uma vez que você a force

614
00:53:53,124 --> 00:53:55,652
e diga a eles:
"Bom, ou eu trabalho assim,

615
00:53:55,652 --> 00:53:57,244
ou eu não escrevo nada."

616
00:53:57,244 --> 00:53:58,404
Eles aceitam.

617
00:54:03,414 --> 00:54:10,283
Ele sabia cuidar de... onde a liberdade
dele estava assegurada,

618
00:54:10,283 --> 00:54:13,521
ele podia resistir ao pedido.

619
00:54:13,521 --> 00:54:16,451
Como, na verdade,
a recíproca também é verdadeira.

620
00:54:16,451 --> 00:54:17,938
Os donos de jornal sempre perguntaram:

621
00:54:17,938 --> 00:54:22,650
"Você tem alguma restrição
em escrever sobre isso?"

622
00:54:22,650 --> 00:54:28,555
Mas, enfim, é uma coisa delicada
que até hoje esse problema existe.

623
00:54:28,555 --> 00:54:34,776
Esse problema existe. Não é fácil
você viver com a liberdade de opinião.

624
00:54:36,003 --> 00:54:38,138
Mesmo com plena liberdade.

625
00:54:40,253 --> 00:54:44,313
O único autoritarismo
que tem me abalado

626
00:54:44,313 --> 00:54:46,513
a convicção não autoritária
é o comunista.

627
00:54:46,513 --> 00:54:50,648
Eu às vezes fui até seduzido
a entrar no Partido,

628
00:54:50,648 --> 00:54:56,169
mas sempre me detive
também por causa do que eu sabia

629
00:54:56,169 --> 00:55:00,969
que ia ser uma invasão da minha
particularidade humana, entende?

630
00:55:06,475 --> 00:55:08,881
Agora, nunca foi comunista.

631
00:55:08,881 --> 00:55:13,816
Então é engraçado porque sempre admirou
a figura de Luís Carlos Prestes.

632
00:55:13,816 --> 00:55:16,537
Que é uma figura admirável,
você queira ou não,

633
00:55:16,537 --> 00:55:18,464
você aponte defeitos ou não.

634
00:55:18,464 --> 00:55:24,136
E tinha comprado esse álbum
que foi feito pelo Partido Comunista

635
00:55:24,136 --> 00:55:30,569
até para arrecadar dinheiro
e que tem a Coluna...

636
00:55:30,569 --> 00:55:32,753
É um álbum todo dedicado ao Prestes.

637
00:55:32,753 --> 00:55:35,738
Ele tinha esse álbum em casa.

638
00:55:35,738 --> 00:55:39,200
Aí um dia ele falou com um amigo
que era do Partido:

639
00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:41,688
"Eu tinha muita vontade
de conhecer Prestes."

640
00:55:41,688 --> 00:55:43,435
"Ô, Callado, eu arrumo isso."

641
00:55:43,435 --> 00:55:45,611
E fomos à casa do Prestes,

642
00:55:45,611 --> 00:55:49,059
ao apartamento
do Prestes, cumprimentá-lo.

643
00:55:50,210 --> 00:55:51,946
Ele nos recebeu muito bem,

644
00:55:51,946 --> 00:55:54,859
muito amavelmente, sentamos,
conversamos.

645
00:55:55,789 --> 00:55:57,648
Aí lá pras tantas,
Callado disse assim:

646
00:55:57,648 --> 00:56:02,371
"Puxa, eu sempre fiquei impressionado
com o que você sofreu na prisão

647
00:56:02,371 --> 00:56:04,315
e como você depois saiu tão..."

648
00:56:04,315 --> 00:56:08,732
Ele aí disse:
"Não, Callado, eu não sofri nada não.

649
00:56:10,454 --> 00:56:14,833
Eu fui preso por coisas que eu sabia
que podiam dar em prisão.

650
00:56:14,833 --> 00:56:18,522
Eu podia ter antecipado.
Quer dizer, eu sabia."

651
00:56:20,452 --> 00:56:26,572
Eu tenho realmente uma...
Gostaria de deixar,

652
00:56:26,572 --> 00:56:32,196
quando morrer,
um mundo melhor do que ele era.

653
00:56:32,196 --> 00:56:33,551
Não ter alcançado...

654
00:56:33,551 --> 00:56:39,156
Isso é uma coisa que acho que não é...
Não é afetação falar dela não.

655
00:56:39,156 --> 00:56:45,476
Eu tinha vontade de ver um mundo assim
mais justo, mais sério, mais honesto.

656
00:56:45,476 --> 00:56:50,685
Uma coisa que eu vi de uma forma muito
dramática em Cuba, quando estive lá.

657
00:56:50,685 --> 00:56:54,876
Eu sei perfeitamente
que certas críticas feitas

658
00:56:54,876 --> 00:56:59,088
ao governo Fidel são genuínas,
são legítimas.

659
00:56:59,088 --> 00:57:03,273
Há, digamos,
o problema eterno da autoridade lá.

660
00:57:03,273 --> 00:57:08,474
Mas, em relação à América Latina,
á indecência que é a América Latina,

661
00:57:08,474 --> 00:57:13,409
à falta de caráter,
de um mal latino americano

662
00:57:13,409 --> 00:57:16,581
de que temos o que comer,
de termos uma vida razoável

663
00:57:16,581 --> 00:57:22,468
em relação a essas massas famintas,
infelizes, desse continente esfomeado,

664
00:57:22,468 --> 00:57:27,603
eu penso em Cuba como...
Aí está. Uma obra de arte.

665
00:57:29,501 --> 00:57:32,539
E eu confesso que eu podia, devia
tá fazendo muito mais

666
00:57:32,539 --> 00:57:34,315
do que apenas
estar escrevendo livro.

667
00:57:57,188 --> 00:58:02,509
Para concluir esta parte,
representando os membros da solenidade,

668
00:58:02,509 --> 00:58:09,297
apresento o famoso escritor brasileiro,
Antônio Callado.

669
00:58:22,635 --> 00:58:25,590
Comandante Fidel Castro,

670
00:58:26,157 --> 00:58:30,413
companheiras e companheiros
cubanos e brasileiros.

671
00:58:31,500 --> 00:58:35,094
Eu prometo ser muito breve,

672
00:58:36,294 --> 00:58:40,448
em meu agradecimento ao Ricardo,

673
00:58:40,448 --> 00:58:43,124
que nos recebeu com tanta generosidade

674
00:58:43,657 --> 00:58:48,162
e, sobretudo, à Cuba em geral,

675
00:58:48,878 --> 00:58:53,565
que, no mundo de hoje, é,
na minha opinião,

676
00:58:53,565 --> 00:58:59,751
o país que conseguiu fugir
da monotonia

677
00:58:59,751 --> 00:59:02,223
do fim da História

678
00:59:02,223 --> 00:59:07,330
anunciado
por um americano tão moderno

679
00:59:07,330 --> 00:59:10,904
que tem um nome japonês
de Fukuyama.

680
00:59:12,571 --> 00:59:16,004
Entonces,
eu estou falando portunhol.

681
00:59:18,148 --> 00:59:21,696
A única, o único país do mundo

682
00:59:21,696 --> 00:59:27,343
no qual se sente a História viva

683
00:59:27,343 --> 00:59:32,201
e nesse momento é exatamente Cuba.

684
00:59:37,314 --> 00:59:43,929
Eu soube que o Callado tava
com problema de grana naquela época.

685
00:59:44,885 --> 00:59:48,228
Pensei assim: "Puxa, podia arrumar
alguma coisa pra ele na 'Folha'.

686
00:59:48,228 --> 00:59:51,290
Mas, será que a 'Folha' toparia?"

687
00:59:51,290 --> 00:59:54,149
Eu cheio de dedos,
essas coisas são meio complicadas, né?

688
00:59:54,149 --> 00:59:55,971
Aí eu liguei pro Matinas.

689
00:59:55,971 --> 00:59:58,804
O Matinas tava secretariando
o jornal naquela época.

690
00:59:58,804 --> 01:00:01,083
Crente que eu ia ter que meter
uma conversa:

691
01:00:01,083 --> 01:00:03,667
"Matinas, desculpa, eu não gosto
de fazer isso e tal."

692
01:00:03,667 --> 01:00:04,579
Mas aí eu liguei:

693
01:00:04,579 --> 01:00:09,315
"Matinas, eu pensei 'que tal
o Callado ser cronista do jornal?'"

694
01:00:09,315 --> 01:00:12,476
Aí o Matinas disse:
"Será que ele topa?"

695
01:00:12,476 --> 01:00:16,346
Aí inverteu tudo. O Matinas viu
minha sugestão como um prêmio

696
01:00:16,346 --> 01:00:18,450
e foi realmente um prêmio

697
01:00:18,450 --> 01:00:22,354
que o jornal deu pros leitores
ter o Callado lá.

698
01:00:22,354 --> 01:00:26,427
Eu dizia que ele escrevia
no espaço solar da página,

699
01:00:26,427 --> 01:00:28,122
porque era a coluna de cima.

700
01:00:28,122 --> 01:00:33,611
E como o Callado pode,
nessas colunas,

701
01:00:33,611 --> 01:00:35,812
que não tinham nenhuma pauta,

702
01:00:35,812 --> 01:00:41,171
que eram colunas livres, ele pode por
pra fora a erudição, sobretudo, ali

703
01:00:41,171 --> 01:00:45,115
de um homem que conhecia muito,
que sabia muita coisa,

704
01:00:45,115 --> 01:00:47,314
que leu muita coisa,
que viveu muita coisa,

705
01:00:47,314 --> 01:00:50,938
então era uma soma de experiência
de um homem viajado,

706
01:00:50,938 --> 01:00:52,932
de um grande jornalista
que tinha passado

707
01:00:52,932 --> 01:00:56,066
pelos momentos mais importantes
da imprensa brasileira.

708
01:01:00,750 --> 01:01:05,347
Nós tínhamos, na direção do jornal,
nós tínhamos tido a notícia,

709
01:01:06,761 --> 01:01:12,418
via Luiz Alberto Bahia e Jânio
de Freitas, se não estou enganado,

710
01:01:12,418 --> 01:01:15,355
de que o Callado tava muito mal.

711
01:01:15,355 --> 01:01:19,653
E aí tinha a oportunidade dos 80 anos

712
01:01:19,653 --> 01:01:25,166
que nos dava um pretexto
para conversar com ele.

713
01:01:25,166 --> 01:01:29,918
Fazer alguma coisa de 80 anos e,
ao mesmo tempo, nós fomos preparados

714
01:01:29,918 --> 01:01:34,199
com essa visão de que talvez fosse
uma das últimas entrevistas

715
01:01:34,199 --> 01:01:37,535
que o Callado Daria.
Ela até é uma entrevista

716
01:01:37,535 --> 01:01:41,432
que tem um caráter meio
de balanço de vida.

717
01:01:41,432 --> 01:01:46,436
Não é uma entrevista típica
celebratória dos 80 anos

718
01:01:46,436 --> 01:01:48,368
que normalmente os jornais fazem.

719
01:01:49,467 --> 01:01:55,358
A gente chegou lá e na cara dele
você já via que ele tava abatido.

720
01:01:55,358 --> 01:01:56,738
Que não tava bem.

721
01:01:56,738 --> 01:01:58,901
Mauricio, se eu me lembro bem
tava muito calor e ele tava

722
01:01:58,901 --> 01:02:01,459
-...com a camisa aberta.
-Exatamente. Tava muito quente.

723
01:02:01,459 --> 01:02:04,227
-Ele tava de bermuda...
-Janeiro, né?

724
01:02:04,227 --> 01:02:08,763
Janeiro. E com a camisa aberta.
Ficou com a camisa aberta o tempo todo.

725
01:02:08,763 --> 01:02:13,156
Já causou um estranhamento em relação
à imagem que o Callado sempre passou.

726
01:02:13,156 --> 01:02:16,845
Ele tava exposto, assim, né?
Tava muito à vontade.

727
01:02:16,845 --> 01:02:21,796
E aí a gente sentou e aconteceu
um negócio que até hoje quando lembro

728
01:02:21,796 --> 01:02:24,427
eu fico arrepiado, porque ele
não deixou a gente perguntar.

729
01:02:24,427 --> 01:02:26,260
Ele falou:
"Então é o seguinte."

730
01:03:31,940 --> 01:03:35,299
Eu fiquei muito abalado.
Foi um negócio realmente...

731
01:03:35,299 --> 01:03:41,421
Saí andando lá da Rua Aperana
em direção à Ataulfo de Paiva.

732
01:03:41,421 --> 01:03:47,436
E a gente se separou logo ali,
o Matinas tinha algum outro compromisso

733
01:03:47,436 --> 01:03:49,479
e eu fui andando ali pelo Leblon.

734
01:03:49,479 --> 01:03:51,532
Fiquei muito abalado com
aquela entrevista.

735
01:03:51,532 --> 01:03:54,828
Um negócio realmente
me marcou demais.

736
01:03:54,828 --> 01:03:56,988
E, sempre que eu lembro
dessa entrevista,

737
01:03:58,430 --> 01:04:01,686
e aí uma semana depois
ele morreu, né?

738
01:04:02,145 --> 01:04:04,584
Quer dizer, a entrevista foi feita
numa terça-feira,

739
01:04:05,650 --> 01:04:10,056
foi publicada domingo na "Folha"
em duas páginas inteiras.

740
01:04:10,588 --> 01:04:12,737
E na terça-feira ele morreu.

741
01:04:13,757 --> 01:04:17,136
Foi um negócio muito forte, né?

742
01:04:17,136 --> 01:04:21,888
Uma experiência pra mim,
como repórter, foi muito forte.

743
01:04:21,888 --> 01:04:23,784
Um negócio...

744
01:04:33,166 --> 01:04:38,182
Em 97, dias antes de morrer,
ele confessa que talvez a paixão

745
01:04:38,182 --> 01:04:44,342
seja uma paixão inútil,
porque o Brasil não dá certo.

746
01:04:44,342 --> 01:04:47,030
Toda vez arma e se desarma.

747
01:04:48,030 --> 01:04:50,944
Parece que vai chegar e não vem.

748
01:04:50,944 --> 01:04:55,959
A obra inteira dele tá marcada
por esses ritmos de confiança

749
01:04:55,959 --> 01:04:58,304
e de repente de desalento.

750
01:04:58,304 --> 01:05:03,462
Mas eu acho que também, se desse
uma mudancinha qualquer,

751
01:05:03,462 --> 01:05:07,575
ele voltaria com o "Quarup",
a acreditar no "Quarup" de novo.

752
01:05:07,575 --> 01:05:12,681
E eu digo isso até no "Esqueleto da
Lagoa Verde" eu faço esse comentário:

753
01:05:12,681 --> 01:05:17,785
"Callado, você vai acreditar de novo
no ressurgimento do mito."

754
01:05:21,747 --> 01:05:27,831
Eu vou arriscar falar uma ousadia,
pode ser uma maluquice,

755
01:05:27,831 --> 01:05:32,176
mas eu acho que a obra
do Callado é um contínuo, entendeu?

756
01:05:32,176 --> 01:05:37,488
É uma grande narrativa dividida
em capítulos, em livros, ou em cenas,

757
01:05:37,488 --> 01:05:41,825
ou em paisagens,
com diferentes movimentos.

758
01:05:41,825 --> 01:05:45,353
Mas eu acho que tem um contínuo,
acho que tem um lugar muito potente.

759
01:05:45,353 --> 01:05:50,032
É uma linha de força. Tem nada linear.
É no sentido de uma linha de força.

760
01:05:50,032 --> 01:05:53,024
-Uma coisa de sinfonia assim...
-É. Tem um pacto.

761
01:05:53,024 --> 01:05:54,521
É sinfônico nesse sentido.

762
01:05:54,521 --> 01:05:58,447
Mas até queria ler mais um trecho,
porque acho que de todas as soluções

763
01:05:58,447 --> 01:06:03,255
que podem ser dadas para o Brasil
através do "Quarup"...

764
01:06:03,255 --> 01:06:07,408
-O éter é a principal delas.
-O éter e a formiga.

765
01:06:07,408 --> 01:06:09,126
O éter e a formiga!

766
01:06:09,126 --> 01:06:13,419
E a coisa do ritual, da oralidad
Translation - English
1
00:00:56,967 --> 00:01:00,099
I was sitting with
a small book on my hands.

2
00:01:00,099 --> 00:01:01,935
A notepad actually,
writing.

3
00:01:01,935 --> 00:01:05,078
And I'll never forget
that precise moment.

4
00:01:05,078 --> 00:01:11,487
Because I had some sort
of nose bleed.

5
00:01:11,487 --> 00:01:14,838
I was writing and suddenly
red blood ran down the pages.

6
00:01:14,838 --> 00:01:16,909
I was scared.

7
00:01:16,909 --> 00:01:18,758
I always remember that...

8
00:01:18,758 --> 00:01:21,677
It lingers there
like some sort of backdrop,

9
00:01:21,677 --> 00:01:25,149
when I'm asked
when I started writing.

10
00:01:25,149 --> 00:01:26,551
I'd say it was in that day.

11
00:01:45,112 --> 00:01:46,529
-Good day.
-Good day.

12
00:01:50,797 --> 00:01:52,642
Before I forget,
sign this.

13
00:02:00,091 --> 00:02:05,265
We, signed below,
concerned with the arrest

14
00:02:05,265 --> 00:02:08,954
of 8 writers in Rio de Janeiro

15
00:02:08,954 --> 00:02:14,356
only because they voiced their
disagreement to the official politics,

16
00:02:15,462 --> 00:02:19,083
we protest against this blow
to the freedom of opinion and speech,

17
00:02:19,083 --> 00:02:21,956
traditionally recognized in Brasil

18
00:02:21,956 --> 00:02:25,137
and demand
that these 8 prisoners are freed.

19
00:02:47,031 --> 00:02:52,031
There existed back then the
Organization of the American States.

20
00:02:52,031 --> 00:02:56,014
When the coup of 64 was performed,

21
00:02:56,014 --> 00:02:58,811
the OAS had a meeting scheduled
for Brazil.

22
00:02:58,811 --> 00:03:01,211
OAS cancelled it.

23
00:03:03,699 --> 00:03:07,892
But then, the Brazilian government,
through president Castelo Branco

24
00:03:07,892 --> 00:03:12,292
and Magalhães Pinto, who was
the Minister of Foreign Relations,

25
00:03:12,292 --> 00:03:17,402
convinced the USA
that Brazil was not a dictatorship.

26
00:03:17,402 --> 00:03:18,408
SIEGE

27
00:03:23,153 --> 00:03:26,573
Faced with that,
OAS changed its opinion.

28
00:03:26,573 --> 00:03:30,779
We, from the "Correio da Manhã"
and "Civilização Brasileira",

29
00:03:30,779 --> 00:03:34,077
the two real places
of resistance,

30
00:03:34,077 --> 00:03:36,489
said:
"This can't be allowed to stand".

31
00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:42,953
That's when Callado proposed
we should take to the streets.

32
00:03:45,122 --> 00:03:49,705
The Communist Party said:
"We can get 5.000 workers out there."

33
00:03:49,705 --> 00:03:53,393
The Students' Union pledged
thousands more.

34
00:03:53,393 --> 00:03:56,489
It was supposed
to be a large-scale movement.

35
00:03:56,489 --> 00:04:01,336
We were expecting 10.000 people
in front of Hotel Glória

36
00:04:01,336 --> 00:04:03,226
in order to boo Castelo Branco.

37
00:04:03,226 --> 00:04:04,658
Only 8 showed up.

38
00:04:07,131 --> 00:04:10,800
Antonio Callado, Glauber Rocha,
Marcio Moreira Alves,

39
00:04:10,800 --> 00:04:13,765
Joaquim Pedro de Andrade,
Flávio Rangel, Thiago de Mello,

40
00:04:13,765 --> 00:04:18,651
Mario Carneiro, o Embaixador
Jaime Azevedo Rodrigues and me.

41
00:04:23,329 --> 00:04:26,620
I thought that was way
too offensively brazen.

42
00:04:26,620 --> 00:04:32,758
Not only were we in a coup, but they
also wanted to coup us again.

43
00:04:32,758 --> 00:04:37,077
By masking a military coup
as a benefaction,

44
00:04:37,077 --> 00:04:40,446
a formidable gesture by the Army
in order to save the country.

45
00:04:40,446 --> 00:04:45,558
For the love of God, this demands
we take to the streets and protest.

46
00:04:45,558 --> 00:04:48,419
It was a kind of riot

47
00:04:48,419 --> 00:04:52,725
whose results were as intended.

48
00:04:52,725 --> 00:04:57,229
Which was precisely
to make our protest known.

49
00:05:11,402 --> 00:05:13,544
Geographical center of Brazil.

50
00:05:13,544 --> 00:05:17,383
Latitude 10 degress
and 10 minutes south.

51
00:05:17,383 --> 00:05:21,880
Longitude 53 degrees
and 12 minutes west of Greenwich.

52
00:05:23,409 --> 00:05:26,611
Fontoura fell face first
on the gound.

53
00:05:26,611 --> 00:05:28,482
Hands forward.

54
00:05:28,482 --> 00:05:33,338
His ear stuck to the dirt,
while restless assemblies of ants

55
00:05:33,338 --> 00:05:35,609
covered his fingers and neck.

56
00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:45,604
He needed to get
to know the heart of Brazil.

57
00:05:46,210 --> 00:05:48,819
Brazil's heart, this riddle,

58
00:05:48,819 --> 00:05:51,844
is, at times, an anthill,
like in his book, the "Quarup".

59
00:05:51,844 --> 00:05:54,739
That is the challenge of his quest.

60
00:05:54,739 --> 00:05:59,379
His quest is both journalistic
and literary.

61
00:05:59,379 --> 00:06:06,252
It's a quest of the
historical-political way of that heart,

62
00:06:06,252 --> 00:06:10,055
which nobody knows where it is,
but is probably deep

63
00:06:10,055 --> 00:06:13,843
among the indians in the wilderness
of Brazil, where it all began.

64
00:06:14,802 --> 00:06:17,319
Our mystery is probably jammed
in there somewhere.

65
00:06:17,319 --> 00:06:24,312
Callado spent his life
in the quest for this mystery.

66
00:06:27,565 --> 00:06:29,525
Before I started working
in a newspaper,

67
00:06:29,525 --> 00:06:34,213
I had already penned
a few short stories.

68
00:06:34,213 --> 00:06:37,869
I even won a short story contest

69
00:06:37,869 --> 00:06:40,981
of a small paper of Praia das Flechas,
in the city of Niterói.

70
00:06:40,981 --> 00:06:42,541
A newspaper called "A Praia".

71
00:06:42,541 --> 00:06:45,078
I won the contest
with this little short story I wrote.

72
00:06:45,078 --> 00:06:49,413
I also published my first short story
in a literary supplement

73
00:06:49,413 --> 00:06:51,318
of "Correio da Manhã".

74
00:06:51,318 --> 00:06:56,454
But, naturally,
following up the, let's call it

75
00:06:56,454 --> 00:07:01,458
bourgeois trajectory we had
in Brazil, even more so than now,

76
00:07:01,458 --> 00:07:04,570
after I was done with High School,
I started going to Law School.

77
00:07:04,570 --> 00:07:06,595
We never really knew why
we'd go to Law School.

78
00:07:06,595 --> 00:07:08,216
But it was kind of
a general heading.

79
00:07:08,216 --> 00:07:10,516
Either Law,
Medicine or Engineering,

80
00:07:10,516 --> 00:07:13,074
the whole Brazilian idea
of the "Doctor".

81
00:07:13,074 --> 00:07:16,283
And while I was still in Law School,

82
00:07:16,283 --> 00:07:21,923
came an issue as big as that
of a vocation.

83
00:07:21,923 --> 00:07:23,811
In this case,
the vocation of a writer.

84
00:07:23,811 --> 00:07:25,963
It was the issue of making a living.

85
00:07:27,443 --> 00:07:29,287
Callado then got a job.

86
00:07:29,287 --> 00:07:32,608
He packed stuff up
and carried bundles around.

87
00:07:32,608 --> 00:07:35,704
One day his mother wailed:
"Oh, my dear son!"

88
00:07:35,704 --> 00:07:38,484
He would imitate his mom,
because she was really dramatic.

89
00:07:38,484 --> 00:07:40,999
I think that's way he loathed
dramatic people.

90
00:07:41,678 --> 00:07:43,735
His mother went home

91
00:07:43,735 --> 00:07:47,568
and decided that she needed
to get him a job.

92
00:07:47,568 --> 00:07:53,919
She remembered that she was
a distant relative

93
00:07:53,919 --> 00:07:57,337
of Paulo Bittencourt
from "Correio da Manhã".

94
00:07:58,320 --> 00:08:01,761
Actually, it was still Edmundo,
Edmundo Bittencourt, the founder.

95
00:08:02,642 --> 00:08:06,001
She sent him a letter
and Callado was the one to take it.

96
00:08:06,001 --> 00:08:09,768
Starting a life,
especially in a country like Brazil,

97
00:08:09,768 --> 00:08:14,409
specially Brazil back then
that has now changed for the better.

98
00:08:14,409 --> 00:08:19,631
Starting out as writer,
in the sense that I could make a living

99
00:08:19,631 --> 00:08:23,625
as a writer, was really
way too much crazy of an idea.

100
00:08:23,625 --> 00:08:28,498
What was then the career, that,
in a way, was presented to me

101
00:08:28,498 --> 00:08:33,458
as one that would allow me
to make money and write simultaneously?

102
00:08:33,458 --> 00:08:34,700
Journalism.

103
00:08:34,864 --> 00:08:39,497
WORLD WAR II - 1940.
LONDON WAS BOMBED FOR 57 STRAIGHT DAYS.

104
00:08:39,498 --> 00:08:44,160
GERMANY'S ATTACK LASTED 9 MONTHS.

105
00:08:44,161 --> 00:08:48,916
IT KILLED 43.000 CIVILIANS
AND HIT OVER A MILLION HOMES.

106
00:08:54,464 --> 00:09:00,322
BBC - FIRST BROADCAST EVER TO BRAZIL
1941

107
00:09:00,673 --> 00:09:02,801
From London and the BBC,

108
00:09:02,801 --> 00:09:07,328
greetings to all listeners,
in Central and South America.

109
00:09:08,607 --> 00:09:11,772
I speak to you from here
before the sun rises,

110
00:09:11,772 --> 00:09:15,390
in the first hours of this day
of English spring.

111
00:09:15,838 --> 00:09:20,309
We are going to address you every night
and in your own languages.

112
00:09:28,058 --> 00:09:31,042
We realize,
with the passing of the years,

113
00:09:31,042 --> 00:09:35,914
that the happiest times are not
the ones that we miss the most.

114
00:09:36,973 --> 00:09:39,426
These are the most intense times.

115
00:09:40,561 --> 00:09:45,809
I shall never forget that, in 1941,
I took the Royal Mail's freighter,

116
00:09:45,809 --> 00:09:48,266
we were
the only two passengers aboard,

117
00:09:48,266 --> 00:09:52,265
and I arrived almost a month later
in a dim England,

118
00:09:52,265 --> 00:09:59,104
sunk into a blackout, preserving
on its own Europe's freedom.

119
00:09:59,104 --> 00:10:03,426
It is of no matter today knowing
that England, beyond freedom,

120
00:10:03,426 --> 00:10:06,975
also aimed to defend
its commercial interests.

121
00:10:06,975 --> 00:10:11,695
And if I, beyond my desire to help
the cause of freedom in the BBC,

122
00:10:11,695 --> 00:10:15,873
was seeking my own adventure,
in a world at war.

123
00:10:20,585 --> 00:10:25,689
I remember Grandma going to Copacabana
carrying that little radio

124
00:10:25,689 --> 00:10:27,616
so she could listen to him.

125
00:10:27,616 --> 00:10:33,313
He talked, in the dreary cold,
with the bombs dropping and she'd say:

126
00:10:33,313 --> 00:10:35,559
"Let's listen.
Let's listen to your uncle speak."

127
00:10:37,162 --> 00:10:41,666
BBC, during the war,
in the period of war,

128
00:10:41,666 --> 00:10:45,587
started speaking
57 different languages.

129
00:10:45,587 --> 00:10:49,506
It would broadcast the voice of London,
BBC's moniker back then,

130
00:10:49,506 --> 00:10:54,295
in 57 languages,
to 57 countries

131
00:10:54,295 --> 00:10:58,280
or groups of countries,
such was the case of Africa.

132
00:10:58,281 --> 00:10:58,927
THE BATTLES AGAINST ARBITRARINESS

133
00:11:01,342 --> 00:11:02,897
THE BATTLES AGAINST ARBITRARINESS

134
00:11:06,119 --> 00:11:08,463
One of his first stories...

135
00:11:11,527 --> 00:11:15,191
Soon after he arrives in London

136
00:11:15,191 --> 00:11:18,759
He writes a story
about how impressed he was with London.

137
00:11:18,759 --> 00:11:22,720
"It is a Phantasmagoria.
A hallucinating light-dark

138
00:11:22,720 --> 00:11:26,470
A poem in stone and blue.
The majestic arches, the palaces,

139
00:11:26,470 --> 00:11:29,943
the bridges shine spectral
into the night."

140
00:11:42,469 --> 00:11:43,942
A HALLUCINATING LIGHT-DARK

141
00:11:43,943 --> 00:11:49,420
He was charmed by the way of life
and with British humor.

142
00:11:49,420 --> 00:11:52,406
He tells the tale of this
jeweler-comedian.

143
00:11:52,406 --> 00:11:53,817
He had a jewelry store

144
00:11:53,817 --> 00:12:00,401
and one day he placed an onion,
in a blue glass jewel box.

145
00:12:00,401 --> 00:12:02,746
One of those cases
used to display jewelry.

146
00:12:02,746 --> 00:12:06,921
He had no jewels, so the man had
an onion there on display.

147
00:12:07,491 --> 00:12:10,814
EVEN THE WARM BEER IN THE PUBS
HAS LEFT A TENDERNESS IN MY PALATE.

148
00:12:10,815 --> 00:12:12,415
CHRONICLES
LONDON

149
00:12:12,984 --> 00:12:16,456
I, during my time with BBC, could serve
as target for the German bombs.

150
00:12:16,456 --> 00:12:19,366
Because they were bombing England
at that point.

151
00:12:19,366 --> 00:12:22,323
They'd send, above all,
the V-1 bombs.

152
00:12:22,323 --> 00:12:25,174
Which was a small, unmanned plane
that didn't cause much damage.

153
00:12:25,174 --> 00:12:26,775
But the V-2.

154
00:12:26,775 --> 00:12:30,847
Exactly when Hitler
started bombing London,

155
00:12:30,847 --> 00:12:35,368
Callado one day was left without a home.
His house was bombed.

156
00:12:35,368 --> 00:12:39,936
He then met a British lass called Jean
and he married her.

157
00:12:39,936 --> 00:12:44,536
When a bomb fell around them,
Jean would go to the hospital,

158
00:12:44,536 --> 00:12:47,294
she'd hide in the subway.

159
00:12:47,294 --> 00:12:50,622
Callado just went
about his business.

160
00:12:50,622 --> 00:12:54,658
"There's the siren, let's go,
you're not ready yet, I'm coming down"

161
00:12:54,658 --> 00:13:00,377
He said: "You know what?
I'm not going. I'll just keep reading."

162
00:13:04,555 --> 00:13:07,521
"During the war,
we are not getting pregnant,"

163
00:13:08,611 --> 00:13:12,337
I don't really know
how she talked him into marrying.

164
00:13:12,337 --> 00:13:16,725
He never wanted to marry
or have kids.

165
00:13:17,482 --> 00:13:19,357
He really didn't.

166
00:13:19,357 --> 00:13:23,478
He had a schizophrenic sister,
schizophrenia runs in the family.

167
00:13:25,725 --> 00:13:28,334
So he didn't want kids.

168
00:13:28,334 --> 00:13:30,694
But she wanted it all.

169
00:13:30,694 --> 00:13:35,405
And she wanted to make him
Latin America's greatest writer.

170
00:13:35,405 --> 00:13:38,973
She'd say: "Your dad is going to be
Latin America's greatest writer."

171
00:13:38,973 --> 00:13:40,038
And I was like:
"Wow..."

172
00:13:41,623 --> 00:13:44,415
I REMEMBER ROAMING
AROUND THE VILLAGE

173
00:13:44,415 --> 00:13:48,803
AFTER ALL
ALL THAT JOURNEY HAD BEEN WORTH IT

174
00:13:48,987 --> 00:13:52,977
SHE A MADE A CERTAIN FAITH IN HUMANITY
BLOOM AGAIN.

175
00:13:52,978 --> 00:13:59,301
In 1953, he goes on a news trip
deep into Brazil,

176
00:13:59,301 --> 00:14:04,933
in the Xingu region, where his mission
is to locate the bones

177
00:14:04,933 --> 00:14:11,246
of English explorer Colonel Fawcett,
who had gotten lost

178
00:14:11,246 --> 00:14:14,742
and murdered over in that region.

179
00:14:14,742 --> 00:14:17,222
There were rumors that...

180
00:14:17,222 --> 00:14:20,798
A rumor that started
with Orlando Villas-Boas,

181
00:14:20,798 --> 00:14:23,446
that the bones had been found.

182
00:14:23,446 --> 00:14:26,642
Media Mogul Chateaubriand was
in a constant search

183
00:14:26,642 --> 00:14:31,687
for big, impactful news,
so he summoned Callado

184
00:14:31,687 --> 00:14:35,335
to take part
in an expedition to that region.

185
00:14:35,335 --> 00:14:40,972
in order to locate
Colonel Fawcett's bones.

186
00:14:40,972 --> 00:14:44,510
In the end,
no one's ever found them.

187
00:14:45,764 --> 00:14:50,571
Here we can see the qualities
of a writer in the field

188
00:14:50,571 --> 00:14:52,040
as if he was a journalist.

189
00:14:52,040 --> 00:14:56,158
Using techniques that a journalist
hardly ever used.

190
00:14:56,158 --> 00:14:58,355
Irony, for instance, is present

191
00:14:58,355 --> 00:15:02,090
throughout almost all of his work.
It is a literary recourse,

192
00:15:02,090 --> 00:15:07,162
that involves a second glance
at the fact that, in general,

193
00:15:07,162 --> 00:15:10,746
does not work for journalism,
which tries to stick to the fact

194
00:15:10,746 --> 00:15:13,602
rather than distance itself
from it with irony.

195
00:15:13,602 --> 00:15:18,287
And that's because he had a writer's view
over the things he covered.

196
00:15:20,509 --> 00:15:23,593
A NATION IS NOT MADE WHEN ONE IS CLAD
IN DINNER-JACQUET EVERY NIGHT

197
00:15:23,594 --> 00:15:26,615
WHILST THE NATIVES ARE KEPT
IN A STATE OF HUMILITY

198
00:15:26,616 --> 00:15:31,062
THAT IS THE RECIPE
FOR AN EMPIRE

199
00:15:31,413 --> 00:15:35,188
It's also very clear,
in his coverage

200
00:15:35,188 --> 00:15:41,004
of the State of Pernambuco.
In Governor Arraes' time.

201
00:15:41,004 --> 00:15:42,877
Which is...

202
00:15:44,572 --> 00:15:50,212
He recognizes in Pernambuco the great
Brazilian modern social revolution,

203
00:15:50,212 --> 00:15:53,053
that was, in fact, taking place
at that moment.

204
00:15:53,053 --> 00:15:56,947
He even brought us
some impressive imagery.

205
00:15:56,947 --> 00:16:01,150
One of them were of a plantation owner
who, so as to not make

206
00:16:01,150 --> 00:16:06,444
any concessions to his workers,
fires them all,

207
00:16:06,444 --> 00:16:11,501
razes the plantation to the ground
and leaves 250 head of cattle.

208
00:16:11,501 --> 00:16:12,385
And he says:

209
00:16:12,385 --> 00:16:18,725
"In History we can't find an example
of people starving next to cattle."

210
00:16:18,725 --> 00:16:23,395
He says: "It was as if
that property had gone mad.'

211
00:16:23,746 --> 00:16:27,075
That is imagery
that no journalist would ever use.

212
00:16:27,075 --> 00:16:30,794
THE SERRA PLANTATION
THAT USED TO REAP SUGAR CANE

213
00:16:30,794 --> 00:16:34,725
REAPS NOTHING MORE

214
00:16:34,725 --> 00:16:37,974
SELLS NOTHING MORE

215
00:16:37,974 --> 00:16:41,763
PAYS NO ONE

216
00:16:41,763 --> 00:16:45,048
IT IS A PROPERTY
THAT HAS GONE MAD

217
00:16:45,649 --> 00:16:48,062
"TEMPO DE ARRAES"

218
00:16:50,782 --> 00:16:51,983
Here's the deal.

219
00:16:51,983 --> 00:16:56,231
Callado has a very special
relation in Brazil

220
00:16:56,231 --> 00:17:00,271
in the relations between literature
and the newspapers.

221
00:17:00,271 --> 00:17:05,863
Surely, the newspaper is
a communication tool

222
00:17:05,863 --> 00:17:08,597
that was instrumental
to literature since the dawn of time.

223
00:17:08,597 --> 00:17:12,407
And it changed and played
a rather large part,

224
00:17:12,407 --> 00:17:14,482
in the formation of the novel.

225
00:17:14,482 --> 00:17:20,022
From the 18th century on, newspapers,
with the creation of journalism,

226
00:17:20,022 --> 00:17:24,102
and the mastery of an everyday,
prosaic type of language,

227
00:17:24,102 --> 00:17:28,152
oral speaking was transferred
into the novel.

228
00:17:28,152 --> 00:17:31,343
It learned a lot from the newspaper.

229
00:17:33,383 --> 00:17:35,790
I came back from Europe in 47.

230
00:17:35,790 --> 00:17:38,687
I went back to "Correio da Manhã",
where I worked before.

231
00:17:38,687 --> 00:17:44,174
Graciliano was there, doing
the most interesting work

232
00:17:44,174 --> 00:17:47,351
of reviewing
what we wrote.

233
00:17:47,351 --> 00:17:50,845
And Graciliano was the master.

234
00:17:50,845 --> 00:17:52,870
He'd sit there in his office,

235
00:17:52,870 --> 00:17:55,583
he'd leave for
a shot of cachaça outside,

236
00:17:55,583 --> 00:17:57,367
smoke some cigarettes.

237
00:17:57,367 --> 00:18:00,399
And just by talking to him
after the day was done

238
00:18:00,399 --> 00:18:07,279
gave me the impression of being
the essence of the Brazilian writer,

239
00:18:07,279 --> 00:18:11,302
the one who needs to work, for he can't
make ends meet writing books alone.

240
00:18:14,265 --> 00:18:16,305
He wrote well and correctly.

241
00:18:17,494 --> 00:18:19,535
And had a fine style.

242
00:18:19,535 --> 00:18:20,676
Irony.

243
00:18:20,676 --> 00:18:25,305
Callado was a man born
for "Correio da Manhã".

244
00:18:25,305 --> 00:18:27,965
And he didn't die for it too
because "Correio" died before him.

245
00:18:29,307 --> 00:18:30,871
"Correio" is the one
who died for him.

246
00:18:33,026 --> 00:18:35,196
He was a daily journalist.

247
00:18:35,196 --> 00:18:39,634
He'd get up early, read the paper,
get his bearings early in the morning,

248
00:18:39,634 --> 00:18:41,274
just so that he could do
the editorial.

249
00:18:43,764 --> 00:18:48,497
He took over as Chief Editor,
when the previous one died

250
00:18:48,497 --> 00:18:50,537
and that was Costa Rego.

251
00:18:51,487 --> 00:18:55,620
He greatly reformed the paper.
It was a very conservative newspaper.

252
00:18:55,620 --> 00:18:59,396
"Diário Carioca" had already undergone
a reform.

253
00:18:59,396 --> 00:19:01,451
Soon after,
"Jornal do Brasil" did the same.

254
00:19:01,451 --> 00:19:07,212
The layout of "Correio da Manhã"
had never been changed.

255
00:19:12,068 --> 00:19:15,184
Then he really went for it.

256
00:19:15,184 --> 00:19:19,224
He, I and also Carpeaux...

257
00:19:19,224 --> 00:19:24,682
Carpeaux, however, had to check himself
a bit, for he was a foreigner,

258
00:19:24,682 --> 00:19:30,225
He was Austrian, so his Brazilian
citizenship could be annulled.

259
00:19:30,225 --> 00:19:33,545
Which meant he couldn't be so violent.
Still, at times, he was.

260
00:19:33,545 --> 00:19:38,899
Callado and I, Brazilian,
really went for it.

261
00:19:41,786 --> 00:19:43,754
"Correio da Manhã" had
an editor's office

262
00:19:43,754 --> 00:19:45,619
that was 9 feet away from my desk.

263
00:19:46,590 --> 00:19:48,346
They'd call it Petit Trianon.

264
00:19:48,346 --> 00:19:54,635
There sat Callado, Antonio Houaiss,
Otto Maria Carpeaux,

265
00:19:54,635 --> 00:19:57,353
José Lino Grünewald,
Carlos Heitor Cony...

266
00:19:57,353 --> 00:20:00,135
Those were
the paper's editorialists.

267
00:20:00,135 --> 00:20:05,217
It was crazy, because I was 21, 22
at the time and I could walk 9 feet,

268
00:20:05,217 --> 00:20:08,385
open the door and find myself
in a room with legends.

269
00:20:08,385 --> 00:20:10,401
A truly extraordinary team.

270
00:20:10,401 --> 00:20:13,217
"Correio da Manhã" was a great paper

271
00:20:13,217 --> 00:20:15,894
and it also was its
own alternative press.

272
00:20:15,894 --> 00:20:20,425
It was a paper of such an alacrity,
such violence when necessary,

273
00:20:20,425 --> 00:20:24,274
of such strength, even a little mischievous
if you will.

274
00:20:24,274 --> 00:20:30,641
So it was an organization
much more interesting,

275
00:20:30,641 --> 00:20:34,297
much more instrumental than any other
paper I see in the country today.

276
00:20:55,611 --> 00:20:57,273
He was a true "carioca".

277
00:20:57,273 --> 00:21:00,274
He liked to listen to music
and goof around.

278
00:21:00,274 --> 00:21:03,665
But you could see
he was always working.

279
00:21:03,665 --> 00:21:09,178
He always had a book on his lap.
Always leafing through a book.

280
00:21:09,178 --> 00:21:13,466
Always had a pencil in his hand.
He was always looking for something.

281
00:21:13,466 --> 00:21:16,739
He'd get up
to grab a dictionary and whatnot.

282
00:21:16,739 --> 00:21:22,845
He was a man who was always thinking.
Not her. She loved being

283
00:21:22,845 --> 00:21:28,658
his wife, the mother of his kids,
running our home.

284
00:21:28,658 --> 00:21:35,138
She bought a jeep
and she'd just drive around.

285
00:21:35,138 --> 00:21:38,673
She'd take us to ballet lessons, to school,

286
00:21:38,673 --> 00:21:43,545
she'd pick us up there and take us
to French and English lessons.

287
00:21:50,189 --> 00:21:53,854
When I turned 10 he said to my mom:
"Let's split up."

288
00:21:56,418 --> 00:22:02,083
He was honest. He said:
"Listen, she's 10 already,

289
00:22:02,083 --> 00:22:06,141
we've been together for 17 years,
I want to write,

290
00:22:06,141 --> 00:22:10,597
I want to live alone,
I want to date,

291
00:22:12,720 --> 00:22:15,774
I want to go out there
and be free."

292
00:22:16,544 --> 00:22:17,552
Then she said:

293
00:22:17,552 --> 00:22:21,199
"Ok, then I'm taking the kids
back to England."

294
00:22:24,471 --> 00:22:25,502
And he said:

295
00:22:26,948 --> 00:22:31,044
"No, if you do that
I'll miss the kids."

296
00:22:31,044 --> 00:22:35,132
She got really upset
because he never said he'd miss her.

297
00:22:41,076 --> 00:22:43,853
Then they came to a weird agreement.

298
00:22:43,853 --> 00:22:48,933
She wouldn't go to England
with the children,

299
00:22:48,933 --> 00:22:53,456
and he could to go out whenever
he wanted,

300
00:22:53,456 --> 00:22:56,503
date whomever he wanted

301
00:22:56,355 --> 00:22:58,901
and she'd be home
taking care of things.

302
00:22:58,901 --> 00:23:01,587
This lasted until she died.

303
00:23:03,271 --> 00:23:06,271
Because she wanted it!

304
00:23:06,271 --> 00:23:09,125
I can't say that I didn't suffer

305
00:23:09,125 --> 00:23:11,484
that my sister
and brother didn't suffer.

306
00:23:11,484 --> 00:23:15,349
That she didn't suffer terribly,
that he also suffered terribly.

307
00:23:15,349 --> 00:23:18,917
Of course we all did.
Everybody hurts.

308
00:23:18,917 --> 00:23:23,221
And we suffer more because of love
than because of anything else.

309
00:23:26,460 --> 00:23:29,115
I'm not sure if I told you the story
of Léo Vitor.

310
00:23:29,115 --> 00:23:31,875
I had a great friend called
Léo Vitor Oliveira

311
00:23:31,875 --> 00:23:34,875
and, when Callado
and I started dating, I told Léo Vitor.

312
00:23:34,875 --> 00:23:36,777
We used to be pretty close.

313
00:23:36,777 --> 00:23:39,251
I said:
"Léo, I'm dating Antônio Callado."

314
00:23:39,251 --> 00:23:44,419
"Ana Arruda, Antônio Callado
of all people? You haven't heard?

315
00:23:44,419 --> 00:23:47,819
It's said that at the paper he went out
with everyone from Niomar Sodré

316
00:23:47,819 --> 00:23:50,403
to the phone operator.
Went through them all!"

317
00:23:52,675 --> 00:23:54,794
I was then mortified and said:
"My God!"

318
00:23:54,794 --> 00:23:59,310
I figured Léo was fooling around,
but it got to me.

319
00:23:59,310 --> 00:24:00,774
Then I asked Marcito.

320
00:24:00,774 --> 00:24:03,684
"Marcito, is this all true?"

321
00:24:03,684 --> 00:24:07,426
Marcito said:
"No, that is a terrible injustice.

322
00:24:07,426 --> 00:24:10,235
the operator, Ms. Maria José,
is a very serious woman."

323
00:24:12,930 --> 00:24:14,659
He spared only the operator.

324
00:24:17,171 --> 00:24:20,203
Actress Tônia Carrero had a picture
with him that I did not include

325
00:24:20,203 --> 00:24:22,631
in his biography, because
I thought it was a little too much.

326
00:24:25,562 --> 00:24:29,035
True,
in the hundred thousand march,

327
00:24:29,036 --> 00:24:31,900
Renato Archer is in the back,
but he is surrounded.

328
00:24:31,900 --> 00:24:36,200
Maria Inês Duque Estrada, Norma Bengell
resting her hand on his shoulder

329
00:24:36,200 --> 00:24:37,657
and Odete Lara beside him.

330
00:24:37,657 --> 00:24:40,239
-Gorgeous ladies!
-Gorgeous.

331
00:24:40,961 --> 00:24:47,277
I KNEW THAT IF I LET THE MILITARY
IN POWER, THEY'D NEVER RELINQUISH IT.

332
00:24:47,278 --> 00:24:54,351
THAT WEIGHS ON YOU, THAT SWORD,
THOSE THINGS. THEY SIT AND REMAIN.

333
00:24:54,352 --> 00:24:58,758
I had already been arrested without
any formality, really arrested

334
00:24:59,108 --> 00:25:03,780
by a lieutenant and a sergeant
who arrested me at home.

335
00:25:03,780 --> 00:25:08,051
They forced me to carry around
a rather heavy Che Guevara portrait,

336
00:25:08,051 --> 00:25:10,875
one of those huge posters
in a frame with glass.

337
00:25:10,875 --> 00:25:14,954
I had to carry that around
before they hosted me

338
00:25:14,954 --> 00:25:16,675
over here in the battalion.

339
00:25:16,675 --> 00:25:20,170
We went to the Gericinó Penitentiary,
to a bunch of Army places.

340
00:25:20,170 --> 00:25:23,395
I'm not really sure why. They were full
of people locked up, apparently.

341
00:25:23,395 --> 00:25:24,515
Not really sure what.

342
00:25:24,515 --> 00:25:27,819
And every time I hopped up
into the jeep

343
00:25:27,819 --> 00:25:32,539
they made me carry that poster around,
they finally confiscated it

344
00:25:32,539 --> 00:25:36,154
to my relief, for I couldn't suffer
to carry that around anymore.

345
00:25:36,154 --> 00:25:42,540
It was a rather large poster of Che.
And I lost it, let it go.

346
00:25:45,295 --> 00:25:47,683
TRIAL
MILITARY HEARING - 1969

347
00:25:49,914 --> 00:25:53,587
Word was that an IA-2, the infamous
new Institutional Act, was looming.

348
00:25:53,587 --> 00:25:59,307
Then I did my own IA-2, saying
that the United States of Brazil,

349
00:25:59,307 --> 00:26:02,899
as of that moment, would be
the Brazil of the United States.

350
00:26:02,899 --> 00:26:08,489
That caused quite the unrest
with the Military.

351
00:26:08,489 --> 00:26:15,100
Then they stopped advertising
in "Correio da Manhã".

352
00:26:15,100 --> 00:26:19,597
Seeing that the situation was dire,
I decided to leave the paper.

353
00:26:21,882 --> 00:26:26,784
Rio de Janeiro, 25th February 1965,
Mr. Antônio Callado.

354
00:26:28,088 --> 00:26:32,380
"Made aware of an embarrassing
situation for my friend and boss,

355
00:26:32,381 --> 00:26:36,141
I hereby resign from
the position of staff-writer

356
00:26:36,141 --> 00:26:38,347
I hold in 'Correio da Manhã'.

357
00:26:38,348 --> 00:26:42,197
The fact that I am currently
under prosecution by an authority,

358
00:26:42,198 --> 00:26:44,875
with a trial slated
for March or April,

359
00:26:44,876 --> 00:26:49,436
is no reason to spare myself
and sacrifice a friend.

360
00:26:49,437 --> 00:26:53,711
I can defend myself
and so I have been doing thus far.

361
00:26:53,711 --> 00:26:56,000
Never doubt, Callado,
of my esteem towards you,

362
00:26:56,000 --> 00:26:57,952
and please accept my regards."

363
00:26:58,025 --> 00:26:59,827
That's the letter I sent him.

364
00:26:59,827 --> 00:27:01,384
Let me just check...

365
00:27:02,039 --> 00:27:05,979
When I presented management
with my resignation letter,

366
00:27:05,979 --> 00:27:10,832
journalist Antônio Callado presented
his own resignation letter,

367
00:27:10,832 --> 00:27:13,656
also leaving the newspaper.

368
00:27:13,656 --> 00:27:18,167
The poet and the novelist
can never pretend

369
00:27:18,167 --> 00:27:20,583
that they have nothing to do with
what is going on around him.

370
00:27:20,583 --> 00:27:22,519
I find that absolutely monstrous.

371
00:27:22,519 --> 00:27:26,343
Especially in dire moments
of our national life.

372
00:27:26,343 --> 00:27:29,379
And you know that we live
in dire moments in Brazil, right?

373
00:27:29,379 --> 00:27:32,495
A writer can't say that,
being a writer,

374
00:27:32,495 --> 00:27:38,295
he doesn't know what is going on
in the prisons or wherever else,

375
00:27:38,295 --> 00:27:42,031
even in the country.
I really think that is inexcusable.

376
00:27:42,031 --> 00:27:46,408
Regarding the freedom of creation,
that must be limitless.

377
00:27:46,408 --> 00:27:50,960
I fail to see any incoherence
between a person writing

378
00:27:50,960 --> 00:27:55,890
the mildest of the soap operas
or poetry

379
00:27:55,890 --> 00:28:01,365
and take an active part in the life
and suffering of the country.

380
00:28:01,365 --> 00:28:02,339
For God's sake.

381
00:28:02,725 --> 00:28:06,697
Callado was the only journalist who
was forbidden by law

382
00:28:06,697 --> 00:28:08,406
to write for a newspaper.

383
00:28:08,406 --> 00:28:14,768
If any paper published a Callado piece
at that time,

384
00:28:14,768 --> 00:28:15,982
they'd get arrested.

385
00:28:15,982 --> 00:28:18,885
HIS UNEDUCATION WAS COMPLETE

386
00:28:18,885 --> 00:28:23,088
THE NIGHT'S AIR WAS A DARK AETHER

387
00:28:23,089 --> 00:28:29,132
HE WAS UNCONTINUOUS, LIGHT,
LIVING FROM MINUTE TO MINUTE

388
00:28:29,133 --> 00:28:33,821
My generation reads "Quarup"

389
00:28:33,821 --> 00:28:38,013
and still feels close to it.

390
00:28:38,013 --> 00:28:41,916
As long as there's any interest
in literature, Callado shall be there

391
00:28:42,266 --> 00:28:44,368
and he was
a very significant voice.

392
00:28:44,368 --> 00:28:48,531
Some people don't think so.
But I do.

393
00:28:48,531 --> 00:28:55,738
I believe his writing
has an aesthetic-literary power

394
00:28:55,738 --> 00:29:00,722
that holds its own and that shows
a fundamental view of Brazil.

395
00:29:02,379 --> 00:29:05,570
The ambition of "Quarup" was to make
a Brazilian novel.

396
00:29:05,571 --> 00:29:08,037
A novel that "told" Brazil.

397
00:29:08,038 --> 00:29:11,763
To what extent the book worked
in that sense I don't know.

398
00:29:11,764 --> 00:29:14,996
It is indeed my most popular book.

399
00:29:14,997 --> 00:29:18,216
The one that sells better
and is more celebrated.

400
00:29:18,217 --> 00:29:22,253
But, in reality, what I wanted was
to explain Brazil do myself.

401
00:29:22,254 --> 00:29:24,420
And, if at all possible,
to others as well.

402
00:29:25,073 --> 00:29:28,138
I read that book when I was...

403
00:29:28,138 --> 00:29:32,202
I was young
and still going to college.

404
00:29:33,039 --> 00:29:35,585
The book was
hugely important for us.

405
00:29:35,585 --> 00:29:38,889
It showcases the classical place
for the leftist intellectual in Brazil.

406
00:29:38,889 --> 00:29:41,295
The writer.
Whatever he represented.

407
00:29:41,295 --> 00:29:43,484
And I've just read this book now.

408
00:29:43,484 --> 00:29:47,540
I read it again because
of the invite for this debate.

409
00:29:47,540 --> 00:29:50,020
Read it again 50 years later.

410
00:29:50,020 --> 00:29:52,956
He stands in that
category of an interpreter of Brazil.

411
00:29:52,956 --> 00:29:56,244
The intellectual today is no longer
tasked with that,

412
00:29:56,244 --> 00:29:59,684
he no longer bestows upon himself
that duty in such a comfortable manner,

413
00:29:59,684 --> 00:30:02,124
but, in a way, it's like
we are being led at all times

414
00:30:02,124 --> 00:30:04,428
to deconstruct that,

415
00:30:04,428 --> 00:30:07,004
because it still seems that
that is what is expected of us.

416
00:30:07,004 --> 00:30:08,524
It's really hard.

417
00:30:08,524 --> 00:30:11,516
I am under the impression
that it's one last breath

418
00:30:11,516 --> 00:30:16,588
of that modernist project.
He has this quest for the center,

419
00:30:16,588 --> 00:30:19,396
but, at the same time,
the impossibility is there.

420
00:30:19,396 --> 00:30:21,067
You see the character Fontoura.

421
00:30:21,067 --> 00:30:22,562
-The one who deals with the indians.
-It's wonderful.

422
00:30:22,562 --> 00:30:26,235
At the same time he is a drunk,
he is passionate,

423
00:30:26,235 --> 00:30:31,341
he dies devoured by fire ants
when he finally finds the center.

424
00:30:31,341 --> 00:30:37,092
In that moment, there's
another interpretation of Brazil.

425
00:30:37,092 --> 00:30:39,476
by means of the ant metaphor.

426
00:30:39,476 --> 00:30:42,604
-He sets...
-Look, an ant is a worker.

427
00:30:42,604 --> 00:30:44,627
-Yes.
-Ants are collective.

428
00:30:44,627 --> 00:30:48,604
There's a whole collectivity side
to the idea of work.

429
00:30:48,604 --> 00:30:50,669
Would you like to read that excerpt,
Domingos?

430
00:30:50,669 --> 00:30:52,247
-Sure, I'll read it.
-It's beautiful.

431
00:30:52,247 --> 00:30:53,386
Really gorgeous.

432
00:30:54,893 --> 00:30:59,446
"Rise, Fontoura, rise! Get your ears
on the dirt, said Fontoura.

433
00:30:59,446 --> 00:31:03,621
What for? Rise!
But, unable to get Fontoura up,

434
00:31:03,621 --> 00:31:08,222
Francisca bowed, laid her face
on the maddened ants,

435
00:31:08,222 --> 00:31:13,019
felt Levindo's land alive and fierce.
Can you hear it?, said Fontoura.

436
00:31:13,019 --> 00:31:14,740
-Hear what?
-The heart.

437
00:31:14,740 --> 00:31:17,923
I can hear it, said Francisca.
Now get up, Fontoura.

438
00:31:17,923 --> 00:31:21,259
-Can your hear it well?, said Fontoura.
-Yes, I did! Let's go now!

439
00:31:21,259 --> 00:31:24,948
I'm only asking because
the sound is faint, the beat is deep.

440
00:31:24,948 --> 00:31:30,860
Nando found Francisca unconscious
sitting against the trunk of a tree.

441
00:31:30,860 --> 00:31:33,892
Between her legs, nested in her bosom,
lied Fontoura,

442
00:31:33,892 --> 00:31:37,556
as if she had just birthed him,
only he was dead."

443
00:31:37,556 --> 00:31:39,052
-Bravo!
-Incredible!

444
00:31:42,131 --> 00:31:46,427
I believe Callado reviews
his standpoint

445
00:31:46,427 --> 00:31:52,659
especially by the end of "Quarup",
he reviews it in his later books.

446
00:31:52,659 --> 00:31:56,269
In "Bar Don Juan",
in "Reflexos do Baile".

447
00:31:56,269 --> 00:32:02,556
He pulls away critically
in relation to this exit

448
00:32:02,556 --> 00:32:06,788
and that revision wasn't
always recognized by the critics.

449
00:32:06,788 --> 00:32:09,624
The repercussion of "Bar Don Juan",
for instance, was terrible.

450
00:32:09,624 --> 00:32:14,063
You remember.
Experts are affected by it, because,

451
00:32:14,063 --> 00:32:18,999
at all times, he is speaking
to what he had written before.

452
00:32:18,999 --> 00:32:24,644
Then Nando, the character, is looked at
again in an extremely hard fashion,

453
00:32:24,644 --> 00:32:26,966
which is the Left's place...

454
00:32:26,966 --> 00:32:28,281
In "Bar Don Juan"?

455
00:32:28,281 --> 00:32:31,895
In "Bar Don Juan". In Bar Lagoa.
In any bar.

456
00:32:31,895 --> 00:32:34,887
Then reality is mixed
into all of it.

457
00:32:35,186 --> 00:32:44,303
IT'S EVERY REVOLUTIONARY'S DUTY
TO TURN HIS DEATH INTO LIFE

458
00:32:44,601 --> 00:32:47,802
TO DIE RIGHT

459
00:32:48,101 --> 00:32:53,845
LOVE

460
00:33:07,913 --> 00:33:12,425
And I loved it. I cried desperately
reading "Bar Don Juan".

461
00:33:13,401 --> 00:33:16,434
Everyone was really mad
at the book.

462
00:33:16,434 --> 00:33:20,603
"Callado is a traitor.
How can he say the Left is festive?"

463
00:33:20,603 --> 00:33:22,126
How could he?"

464
00:33:22,893 --> 00:33:27,696
I got really mad and mentioned it
to Armando Strozenberg,

465
00:33:27,696 --> 00:33:30,860
a friend from
the "Jornal do Brasil" times

466
00:33:30,860 --> 00:33:32,543
and who knew Callado well.

467
00:33:32,543 --> 00:33:35,704
I said: "Armando, such an injustice
this deal with Callado!

468
00:33:35,704 --> 00:33:40,109
The book is great
and true about the Left."

469
00:33:41,485 --> 00:33:47,181
Armand said:
"Ana, tell him that.

470
00:33:47,181 --> 00:33:48,677
Phone Callado."

471
00:33:48,677 --> 00:33:50,418
I said I wasn't sure I had the guts.

472
00:33:50,418 --> 00:33:54,477
"Don't worry,
he'll love it if you call him."

473
00:33:55,578 --> 00:34:00,660
I called and he said:
"It's wonderful to hear that from you

474
00:34:00,660 --> 00:34:02,957
because they are really
killing the book.

475
00:34:02,957 --> 00:34:05,586
Let's talk about that some more."

476
00:34:05,586 --> 00:34:06,789
Then we went out to dinner.

477
00:34:06,789 --> 00:34:09,900
We went to Álvaro's.

478
00:34:11,120 --> 00:34:13,845
And we were together from then on.

479
00:34:19,275 --> 00:34:23,358
It was a long weekend
or something like that.

480
00:34:23,358 --> 00:34:29,548
We were at a birthday party
somewhere and then we left.

481
00:34:29,548 --> 00:34:32,099
We went to my place then.

482
00:34:32,099 --> 00:34:34,675
I was living at Rua Timóteo da Costa.

483
00:34:34,675 --> 00:34:36,410
It was a big apartment.

484
00:34:36,410 --> 00:34:39,713
We started listening to music
and, suddenly, Callado...

485
00:34:39,713 --> 00:34:43,634
Anna Arruda was with us.
She was with Callado.

486
00:34:43,634 --> 00:34:48,196
And the two of them started dancing
and kept at it all night.

487
00:34:48,196 --> 00:34:52,909
Turned my living room
into a ballroom.

488
00:34:52,909 --> 00:34:54,815
That's how they were
until the end.

489
00:34:56,767 --> 00:35:00,234
I remember that Mom was driving
the car taking me

490
00:35:00,234 --> 00:35:02,968
to drama class, I think,
I think I was rehearsing.

491
00:35:02,968 --> 00:35:05,591
Then mom said to me in the car:

492
00:35:05,591 --> 00:35:11,322
"This relationship of your dad's...

493
00:35:11,322 --> 00:35:13,928
Now it is serious."

494
00:35:14,121 --> 00:35:16,631
"Love that moves the sun and the other stars",

495
00:35:16,631 --> 00:35:20,191
said Dante
in the "Divine Comedy".

496
00:35:20,191 --> 00:35:25,687
All remaining forces mean nothing
outside of this mysterious thing

497
00:35:25,687 --> 00:35:29,661
that Dante illustrated
in this tremendous image.

498
00:35:29,661 --> 00:35:34,030
Because, in reality, what the hell is
that which organized the solar system?

499
00:35:34,030 --> 00:35:37,199
What is up with
the whole planets turning thing?

500
00:35:37,199 --> 00:35:39,967
And everything following
and order?

501
00:35:39,967 --> 00:35:42,328
What's that?
How are you going to call that force?

502
00:35:42,328 --> 00:35:45,967
It's like a movement of love.

503
00:35:49,863 --> 00:35:53,176
Our home was in Rua Aperana, Leblon.
An apartment.

504
00:35:53,176 --> 00:35:57,129
A lovely apartment,
because we had a terrace.

505
00:35:57,129 --> 00:36:01,853
We could see both Dois Irmãos Hill
and the Leblon beach.

506
00:36:01,853 --> 00:36:03,988
All from the terrace.

507
00:36:03,988 --> 00:36:07,572
We would host a lot in the terrace,
it was really nice.

508
00:36:07,572 --> 00:36:09,598
Dinner would be served downstairs,

509
00:36:09,598 --> 00:36:13,574
but drinks and talking
would happen upstairs.

510
00:36:14,186 --> 00:36:18,457
That terrace saw a lot
of good stuff.

511
00:36:18,457 --> 00:36:21,862
Because we had remarkable friends.

512
00:36:22,289 --> 00:36:27,826
Once we were supposed
to host someone.

513
00:36:27,826 --> 00:36:32,037
It was a foreigner.
A foreign writer.

514
00:36:33,387 --> 00:36:36,758
Callado then said:
"Anna, who should we invite?"

515
00:36:36,758 --> 00:36:39,237
"Baby, let's invite Darcy."

516
00:36:40,338 --> 00:36:42,829
Darcy Ribeiro, at that point,
was with Berta. Him and Berta.

517
00:36:42,829 --> 00:36:46,268
He said:
"Brilliant idea!

518
00:36:46,268 --> 00:36:48,773
If Darcy comes, then there'll be
no need for me to talk at all."

519
00:36:52,712 --> 00:36:56,265
He loved staying quiet
and listening to people talk.

520
00:36:58,577 --> 00:37:01,832
UP TO THE TASK OF LOVING ME?
HIGHER UP,

521
00:37:01,833 --> 00:37:07,037
CARING NOT FOR ANY POSSIBLE
DIZZYNESS OR VERTIGO OF MINE?

522
00:37:10,637 --> 00:37:14,923
When I came back from London,
I found my family...

523
00:37:14,923 --> 00:37:16,860
in ruins.

524
00:37:18,717 --> 00:37:23,389
My mom had cancer,
she had to remove a breast.

525
00:37:23,389 --> 00:37:24,956
My sister had turned schizophrenic.

526
00:37:24,956 --> 00:37:28,333
My sister's issue was
way more complicated.

527
00:37:28,333 --> 00:37:31,525
Because he had already
seen his sister having it. He knew.

528
00:37:31,525 --> 00:37:35,045
Initially, he had told my mom
that he didn't want kids

529
00:37:35,045 --> 00:37:39,488
because he feared
exactly what ended up happening.

530
00:37:39,488 --> 00:37:42,813
She started to show signs
of schizophrenia.

531
00:37:45,398 --> 00:37:48,882
Callado got her a psychiatrist.

532
00:37:48,882 --> 00:37:52,876
A very dedicated one.

533
00:37:54,458 --> 00:37:59,273
There was a time that...
It pains me to tell this, but I will.

534
00:37:59,273 --> 00:38:04,638
He needed to have her committed
in order for her to undergo sleep therapy.

535
00:38:04,638 --> 00:38:07,344
That was the one time
he had her committed.

536
00:38:07,344 --> 00:38:11,541
In Botafogo.
At the Botafogo Health Center.

537
00:38:11,541 --> 00:38:14,180
We went to visit.

538
00:38:14,767 --> 00:38:18,148
As we entered the room,
her nurse said:

539
00:38:18,148 --> 00:38:21,758
"Thank God you're here!"
The girl wouldn't leave the shower.

540
00:38:23,284 --> 00:38:30,253
I went to the shower, turned it off
and picked her up. She was cold.

541
00:38:31,158 --> 00:38:33,718
Then something really
distressing happened.

542
00:38:33,718 --> 00:38:36,779
She got down
and started kissing my stomach.

543
00:38:38,285 --> 00:38:40,596
She kissed it several times
and held me.

544
00:38:43,133 --> 00:38:47,136
I said: "Shall we put some clothes on,
Toninha?"

545
00:38:47,136 --> 00:38:50,343
Slowly I dressed her up
and Callado was stiff.

546
00:38:50,343 --> 00:38:55,356
He was really nervous,
lovingly looking at her,

547
00:38:55,356 --> 00:38:56,980
but really stiff, you know.

548
00:38:56,980 --> 00:39:00,327
Then she started saying
she wanted to die.

549
00:39:04,160 --> 00:39:08,673
She tried to jump off a window.
Later she was ok.

550
00:39:08,673 --> 00:39:10,188
Not really ok.

551
00:39:10,918 --> 00:39:15,648
The first psychiatrist said it was,
indeed, schizophrenia.

552
00:39:15,648 --> 00:39:22,453
Callado spoke to several friends
and a got a psychiatrist

553
00:39:22,453 --> 00:39:24,883
that used way more advanced methods.

554
00:39:24,883 --> 00:39:28,448
He had some people working for him.

555
00:39:28,448 --> 00:39:30,951
They'd pick Tônia up
and take her to the movies.

556
00:39:30,951 --> 00:39:33,575
I mean, it wasn't solely the treatment.

557
00:39:35,009 --> 00:39:37,088
And she seemed pretty fine.

558
00:39:38,337 --> 00:39:42,874
She improved gradually
to get to that point.

559
00:39:42,875 --> 00:39:45,513
When we decided to go
to the city of Maricá.

560
00:39:46,255 --> 00:39:48,368
Callado then called Tessy:
"Tessy, honey,

561
00:39:48,368 --> 00:39:52,201
I really need to go to Maricá
with Anna. Can you stay with Tônia?"

562
00:39:52,201 --> 00:39:54,113
She said "sure".

563
00:39:54,113 --> 00:39:55,666
Then we went.

564
00:39:55,666 --> 00:40:01,713
In Maricá we had unexpected callers.
Ênio Silveira and Ligia Jobi,

565
00:40:01,713 --> 00:40:03,520
to whom he was married back then,

566
00:40:05,088 --> 00:40:06,624
Moacir and Neném.

567
00:40:07,979 --> 00:40:13,051
I was there chatting with a neighbor
when he said:

568
00:40:13,051 --> 00:40:14,502
"You have visitors."

569
00:40:14,502 --> 00:40:17,035
I saw 2 cars pulling up.

570
00:40:19,274 --> 00:40:24,674
I said: "It seems odd that all those
showed up unexpectedly."

571
00:40:24,674 --> 00:40:26,445
I went downstairs.

572
00:40:26,445 --> 00:40:30,266
They had come to tell us that
Tônia had killed herself at Tessy's.

573
00:40:39,861 --> 00:40:43,404
He only cried when he got
to the morgue.

574
00:40:43,404 --> 00:40:47,980
Tears rolled down his cheeks,
but his face looked unperturbed.

575
00:40:47,980 --> 00:40:51,901
I had never seen him cry before,
and it moved me.

576
00:40:53,749 --> 00:40:57,691
I am entirely sure
that his cancer stemmed from that.

577
00:40:57,691 --> 00:41:02,197
From shutting himself out
and hiding the pain.

578
00:41:27,538 --> 00:41:30,576
I remember, for instance,
the big in house which we lived.

579
00:41:30,577 --> 00:41:34,520
It had a big backyard
and my father's office.

580
00:41:34,520 --> 00:41:36,234
He was a general practitioner.

581
00:41:36,234 --> 00:41:39,971
Next to it was their room,
my mom and dad's.

582
00:41:42,970 --> 00:41:48,339
Beyond that room,
a kind of paradise, if you like,

583
00:41:48,340 --> 00:41:53,293
but inside the room
I felt life was really hard.

584
00:41:56,940 --> 00:42:00,342
He liked getting out of the house,
he had a car.

585
00:42:00,343 --> 00:42:04,104
But he was distant,
never had much to do with us.

586
00:42:04,105 --> 00:42:08,485
My mom did have a lot to do with us,
but she was a nervous woman.

587
00:42:12,028 --> 00:42:17,263
My father's death was very shocking,
I was only 11.

588
00:42:17,264 --> 00:42:20,322
My life turned out to be harder
because of it.

589
00:42:23,910 --> 00:42:26,163
That I can say is
a reference I cherish.

590
00:42:35,099 --> 00:42:38,456
You discovered Callado bit by bit.

591
00:42:38,456 --> 00:42:41,339
Understand? To this day I still
catch myself incorporating

592
00:42:41,339 --> 00:42:45,212
things about Callado and his life.
To this day.

593
00:42:45,212 --> 00:42:49,644
Several times we drove up
to Petrópolis at night.

594
00:42:49,644 --> 00:42:55,531
He would just listen, he liked
to listen, he would propose a topic.

595
00:42:55,531 --> 00:42:59,444
And we talked and talked.
He didn't talk much though.

596
00:43:06,175 --> 00:43:09,573
Nowadays,
I really enjoy my mornings.

597
00:43:09,573 --> 00:43:14,110
Not only to get work done,
but also to go to the beach.

598
00:43:14,110 --> 00:43:17,030
Not only to walk along the beach,
but also to go into the water.

599
00:43:17,030 --> 00:43:21,150
That's something that remains
from my childhood in Icaraí.

600
00:43:21,150 --> 00:43:24,719
And I still like the beach
and the sea quite a lot.

601
00:43:24,719 --> 00:43:28,785
Now, to get work done,
I liked Petrópolis immensely.

602
00:43:28,785 --> 00:43:31,598
It truly is a very nice place
to get some work done.

603
00:43:31,598 --> 00:43:33,430
You're more isolated.

604
00:43:38,808 --> 00:43:43,087
Every day he would walk
to the Paço Imperial,

605
00:43:43,087 --> 00:43:48,002
to the gardens. He would sit there
and read the newspaper,

606
00:43:48,002 --> 00:43:49,807
before coming back home.

607
00:43:51,223 --> 00:43:54,871
And I was there with him
when a neighbor knocked

608
00:43:54,871 --> 00:43:59,515
He knocked on the door and said:

609
00:43:59,515 --> 00:44:02,684
"Excuse me, it's Antônio Callado
who is staying here, right?

610
00:44:02,684 --> 00:44:06,133
They're calling everyone..."

611
00:44:06,133 --> 00:44:07,880
We didn't have a phone up there.

612
00:44:07,880 --> 00:44:10,943
He never wanted one precisely so that
he could focus on the work.

613
00:44:10,943 --> 00:44:15,281
"They're calling everyone,
they called because I'm your neighbor

614
00:44:15,281 --> 00:44:17,946
from ISTOÉ magazine.

615
00:44:17,946 --> 00:44:20,075
They said they're really worried
and need to talk you

616
00:44:20,075 --> 00:44:22,595
at once
and so they called my number."

617
00:44:22,595 --> 00:44:24,408
Callado acknowledged
and thanked the man.

618
00:44:24,711 --> 00:44:28,617
We went to the phones
that stood right next door.

619
00:44:29,050 --> 00:44:34,977
Callado called
and it was ISTOÉ's editor

620
00:44:34,977 --> 00:44:40,841
terribly worried because Callado
had written a really harsh article,

621
00:44:40,841 --> 00:44:43,463
against Sérgio Fleury.

622
00:44:45,108 --> 00:44:49,564
Talking about Mother Maurina's torture
and whatnot.

623
00:44:49,564 --> 00:44:53,708
It finished stating:
"We are still going to see this man

624
00:44:53,708 --> 00:44:59,045
travelling to get an embassy's office
and flipping us all off."

625
00:44:59,045 --> 00:45:02,083
The editor got concerned and said:

626
00:45:02,083 --> 00:45:05,402
"Callado, I'm calling
to tell you that Fleury died."

627
00:45:05,402 --> 00:45:09,454
He fell off a boat.
A murder disguised as an accident.

628
00:45:09,454 --> 00:45:11,027
Witness elimination.

629
00:45:11,027 --> 00:45:14,330
"He died and we want to know
if you stand by your article."

630
00:45:14,330 --> 00:45:16,122
He said: "Sure I do."

631
00:45:16,122 --> 00:45:17,924
"Callado, I need to ask you a favor,

632
00:45:17,924 --> 00:45:21,108
let's remove the flipping off part,
because it is just grotesque...

633
00:45:21,108 --> 00:45:23,540
a flipping off corpse."

634
00:45:23,540 --> 00:45:26,191
Callado said:
"Ok, no flipping off,

635
00:45:26,191 --> 00:45:31,589
but the Embassy thing must remain,
because that was the case 4 days ago."

636
00:45:31,590 --> 00:45:35,268
FACE TO FACE
WITH THE TORTURER

637
00:45:35,269 --> 00:45:39,057
There he wrote "Reflexos do Baile".
All of it.

638
00:45:40,146 --> 00:45:45,115
From 75 on, he was dedicated
to a sort of craftsmanship

639
00:45:45,115 --> 00:45:49,658
no longer to the information industry
and to the communicating prose,

640
00:45:49,658 --> 00:45:55,339
but to a very elaborate language
in a refined and decisive way.

641
00:45:55,824 --> 00:45:58,929
"Reflexos do Baile" was
an instrumental book for that reason.

642
00:45:58,929 --> 00:46:02,633
I defined the book as
a mosaic of a book.

643
00:46:03,737 --> 00:46:09,246
A book made out of broken shards,
like the ones in the floor, you see?

644
00:46:09,930 --> 00:46:16,184
Fragments that are integrated
in a panel that was Brazil

645
00:46:16,184 --> 00:46:19,987
and the agitation of those years.

646
00:46:19,987 --> 00:46:25,160
Maybe he doesn't
that expansive force of belief.

647
00:46:25,160 --> 00:46:31,997
Glauber Rocha,
who is a sensible thermometer

648
00:46:31,997 --> 00:46:37,417
and a catalyst of
what was going on in Brazil.

649
00:46:37,417 --> 00:46:42,312
He understood "Quarup", just like
he also understood "Reflexos do Baile".

650
00:46:42,312 --> 00:46:43,833
And wanted to shoot both.

651
00:46:43,833 --> 00:46:46,737
And unfortunately didn't shoot
any of them.

652
00:46:49,114 --> 00:46:51,626
From the standpoint
of my career as a novelist,

653
00:46:51,626 --> 00:46:58,987
I was very focused,
in one of my novels

654
00:46:58,987 --> 00:47:04,151
that to me it seems to be
the only one with a strength in itself,

655
00:47:04,151 --> 00:47:06,228
and that is "Reflexos do Baile".

656
00:47:06,228 --> 00:47:11,183
To me,
"Reflexos do Baile" is a masterpiece.

657
00:47:11,183 --> 00:47:13,478
My masterpiece, evidently,
not comparing to other writers.

658
00:47:15,679 --> 00:47:19,623
Callado, I could be wrong, and, please,
correct me if I am.

659
00:47:19,623 --> 00:47:24,646
I am not a literary critic,
but I think that in this book,

660
00:47:24,646 --> 00:47:28,455
there is a shift in style.

661
00:47:28,455 --> 00:47:31,854
-There's a shift in your language.
-Totally.

662
00:47:33,260 --> 00:47:36,997
It's as if you,
in this novel, worked on the issue

663
00:47:36,997 --> 00:47:39,282
of language much more
than you did in your other books.

664
00:47:39,282 --> 00:47:40,660
Is that it?

665
00:47:40,660 --> 00:47:42,427
Let me tell you what happened.

666
00:47:42,427 --> 00:47:46,879
It was the first book I ever wrote
not while I worked in a newspaper.

667
00:47:46,879 --> 00:47:52,260
So it's the first book
I ever wrote

668
00:47:52,260 --> 00:47:54,243
felling absolutely comfortable.

669
00:47:54,243 --> 00:47:57,324
Whatever I wanted to write I did.

670
00:48:01,365 --> 00:48:06,492
Now I am going to read excerpts
of my novel "Reflexos do Baile",

671
00:48:06,492 --> 00:48:09,509
from 1977.

672
00:48:09,509 --> 00:48:12,405
I shall read the first letter
enclosed in the book,

673
00:48:12,405 --> 00:48:15,676
with the Portuguese Ambassador in Rio
to his son in Portugal:

674
00:48:16,713 --> 00:48:21,706
My son, the kidnapping
of our esteemed colleague,

675
00:48:21,707 --> 00:48:23,793
the Ambassador of Germany,

676
00:48:23,794 --> 00:48:27,665
brought together the remaining
chiefs of diplomatic missions.

677
00:48:27,666 --> 00:48:31,715
They dine together,
eat lunch together,

678
00:48:31,716 --> 00:48:35,318
the more americanized ones
even have each other for breakfast.

679
00:48:35,617 --> 00:48:39,020
Oscillating between the sickly desire
to make believe

680
00:48:39,021 --> 00:48:41,200
that their kidnapping is imminent,

681
00:48:41,201 --> 00:48:45,236
and the shiver to even wonder
that it might just be.

682
00:48:45,237 --> 00:48:49,159
And they'd confide in each other.
They'd reminisce.

683
00:48:49,160 --> 00:48:53,147
One of them,
with crimson and smooth cheeks,

684
00:48:53,148 --> 00:48:56,511
was afeared
for his mother's nerves in Europe

685
00:48:56,512 --> 00:49:01,951
and swore that not even in Saigon
did he fell as unsheltered as here.

686
00:49:01,952 --> 00:49:07,944
There, however, sincere bombs went off
from their honorable shells

687
00:49:07,945 --> 00:49:10,614
It was the rumble of war,
bloody hell!

688
00:49:10,615 --> 00:49:16,526
Not these deaf insidious schisms
that, on occasion,

689
00:49:16,527 --> 00:49:22,969
tore the extra-territorial holy ground
to engulf a diplomat

690
00:49:22,970 --> 00:49:26,420
REFLEXOS DO BAILE

691
00:49:26,420 --> 00:49:28,917
I went to North Vietnam,
as I'm sure you know,

692
00:49:28,917 --> 00:49:32,236
with my mind set
on being entirely unbiased.

693
00:49:32,236 --> 00:49:34,600
I went to be in favor
of North Vietnam.

694
00:49:34,600 --> 00:49:36,979
I had had it
with the American news over here.

695
00:49:36,979 --> 00:49:40,915
All our news came
from American sources.

696
00:49:40,915 --> 00:49:46,237
And that people of 14 million,
soldiering through that fantastic war,

697
00:49:46,237 --> 00:49:47,387
that they ended up winning.

698
00:49:47,387 --> 00:49:51,579
It is be one of the most fantastic
fairy tales of modern times.

699
00:49:51,579 --> 00:49:53,660
The remembrance I've kept
from that time

700
00:49:53,660 --> 00:49:56,073
is that of that group of people,

701
00:49:56,073 --> 00:50:01,559
of the absolutely most moving nation

702
00:50:01,559 --> 00:50:06,507
and that generated the greatest
enthusiasm I have ever seen.

703
00:50:06,507 --> 00:50:10,659
And I saw the French
right after the German Withdrawal.

704
00:50:10,659 --> 00:50:12,344
I was in England during the War.

705
00:50:12,344 --> 00:50:15,891
I am really doing
a journalistic comparison

706
00:50:15,891 --> 00:50:19,709
of a man who's seen
in his time

707
00:50:19,709 --> 00:50:23,959
maybe the most critical

708
00:50:23,959 --> 00:50:27,689
and important moments
in democracy's struggle

709
00:50:27,689 --> 00:50:30,547
against totalitarian powers.

710
00:50:30,547 --> 00:50:35,435
Because in Vietnam, the USA,
this great model of democracy,

711
00:50:35,435 --> 00:50:38,131
acted like a totalitarian country.

712
00:50:40,572 --> 00:50:43,307
September, 1967

713
00:50:43,308 --> 00:50:47,939
When "Jornal do Brasil" sent me away
and gave me the traveler’s checks,

714
00:50:47,939 --> 00:50:52,302
so that I could try in Europe
to attain the modern Holy Grail

715
00:50:52,303 --> 00:50:55,982
which is now a visa to Hanoi,
I began in London.

716
00:50:55,982 --> 00:51:00,197
I must confess that when first
I got discouraged by such task,

717
00:51:00,197 --> 00:51:02,931
I went on a superstitious pilgrimage

718
00:51:02,931 --> 00:51:07,313
to one of Karl Marx's shrines
in England.

719
00:51:07,887 --> 00:51:13,228
I didn't go to his ugly and massive
tomb in the Highgate cemetery.

720
00:51:13,229 --> 00:51:17,588
but to an excellent Italian restaurant
in Soho.

721
00:51:17,589 --> 00:51:21,899
I was joined by Brian Darlin,
of Britain's new Left,

722
00:51:21,900 --> 00:51:25,168
and we sought a restaurant
for lunch.

723
00:51:25,169 --> 00:51:30,739
In Dean Street,
Brian stopped before Restaurant Leonis

724
00:51:30,740 --> 00:51:32,930
also known as Quo Vadis,

725
00:51:32,931 --> 00:51:38,915
and he pointed at the plaque stuck
to the old house's upper story.

726
00:51:38,916 --> 00:51:42,232
The plaque said:
"Karl Marx lived here.

727
00:51:42,233 --> 00:51:46,213
1851-1856."

728
00:51:46,214 --> 00:51:49,082
This shall bring me luck,
I thought to myself.

729
00:51:49,083 --> 00:51:53,619
Quo Vadis, Marx and a nice Chianti
should be enough to take care

730
00:51:53,620 --> 00:51:57,555
of any bad omen against the trip.

731
00:51:59,230 --> 00:52:02,139
During lunch, we talked
to the Anglo-Italian headwaiter

732
00:52:02,139 --> 00:52:05,067
and things got even more promising.

733
00:52:05,068 --> 00:52:11,946
He said the room where Marx lived
is still just like Marx left it.

734
00:52:11,947 --> 00:52:17,906
It belongs to the restaurant
and the managers use it for naps.

735
00:52:17,907 --> 00:52:22,450
The furniture is no longer Marxist,
or, if you will, from Marx's time.

736
00:52:22,451 --> 00:52:27,631
But nothing was changed in the building
or in the room in particular.

737
00:52:27,632 --> 00:52:32,822
After lunch,
he'd take us to see the shrine.

738
00:52:32,823 --> 00:52:37,386
We went up stairs
that creaked under the worn carpet.

739
00:52:37,387 --> 00:52:41,370
Above, the door opened.

740
00:52:41,371 --> 00:52:47,186
Our chaperone broke the silence
by saying, with a smile:

741
00:52:47,187 --> 00:52:50,226
"The wind makes odd noises here."

742
00:52:50,227 --> 00:52:54,262
I solemnly nodded
and the Anglo-Italian,

743
00:52:54,262 --> 00:52:58,291
now purely Italian,
said:

744
00:52:58,291 --> 00:53:02,482
Even the objects move around.

745
00:53:02,483 --> 00:53:06,810
I told him to nail a copy of
"The Communist Manifesto" in the wall.

746
00:53:06,811 --> 00:53:08,924
highlighting its first sentence:

747
00:53:09,355 --> 00:53:12,161
"A SPECTRE IS HAUNTING EUROPE"

748
00:53:35,466 --> 00:53:40,231
You can't really be a socialist,
a leftist,

749
00:53:40,231 --> 00:53:41,650
or in favor of Cuba,

750
00:53:41,650 --> 00:53:46,299
in none of Brazil's
first tier newspapers.

751
00:53:46,299 --> 00:53:48,515
They are all against it.

752
00:53:48,515 --> 00:53:53,474
But you can have your opinion
in there once you push for it

753
00:53:53,474 --> 00:53:56,002
and tell them:
"I can either work like that

754
00:53:56,002 --> 00:53:57,022
or not work at all."

755
00:53:57,022 --> 00:53:58,754
They accept it.

756
00:54:03,414 --> 00:54:10,283
He knew that where his freedom
was ensured

757
00:54:10,283 --> 00:54:13,521
he could resist
a request from management.

758
00:54:13,521 --> 00:54:16,451
And that also went both ways.

759
00:54:16,451 --> 00:54:17,938
Newspaper owners would always ask:

760
00:54:17,938 --> 00:54:22,650
"Do you see any restrictions
in writing about this?"

761
00:54:22,650 --> 00:54:28,555
It is a delicate matter,
and that issue still exists today.

762
00:54:28,555 --> 00:54:34,776
It is not easy living
with freedom of opinion.

763
00:54:36,003 --> 00:54:38,138
Even with total freedom.

764
00:54:40,253 --> 00:54:44,313
The only authoritarianism
that's been affecting

765
00:54:44,313 --> 00:54:46,513
my non-totalitarian convictions
is the communist.

766
00:54:46,513 --> 00:54:50,648
I have been enticed
into joining the Party,

767
00:54:50,648 --> 00:54:56,169
but I always checked myself
also because I knew

768
00:54:56,169 --> 00:55:00,969
that was going to be an invasion
of my own human particularity.

769
00:55:06,475 --> 00:55:08,881
He was never a communist.

770
00:55:08,881 --> 00:55:13,816
It's funny because he always
admired Luís Carlos Prestes.

771
00:55:13,816 --> 00:55:16,537
He is an admirable character,
whether you want it or not.

772
00:55:16,537 --> 00:55:18,464
Whether you see flaws in him or not.

773
00:55:18,464 --> 00:55:24,136
Callado had bought an album released
by the Communist Party

774
00:55:24,136 --> 00:55:30,569
to raise money
and that features the Prestes Column.

775
00:55:30,569 --> 00:55:32,753
An album entirely dedicated
to Prestes.

776
00:55:32,753 --> 00:55:35,738
He had that album.

777
00:55:35,738 --> 00:55:39,200
One day he said to a friend
that belonged to the Communist Party:

778
00:55:39,200 --> 00:55:41,688
"I really wanted to meet Prestes."

779
00:55:41,688 --> 00:55:43,435
"Callado, I can make that happen."

780
00:55:43,435 --> 00:55:45,611
Then we went to Prestes' home.

781
00:55:45,611 --> 00:55:49,059
to his apartment,
so that we could meet him.

782
00:55:50,210 --> 00:55:51,946
He was a fine host,

783
00:55:51,946 --> 00:55:54,859
very polite,
we sat and talked.

784
00:55:55,789 --> 00:55:57,648
After a while,
Callado said to him:

785
00:55:57,648 --> 00:56:02,371
"I was always astounded
by what you suffered in prison

786
00:56:02,371 --> 00:56:04,315
and how you left so..."

787
00:56:04,315 --> 00:56:08,732
Prestes said:
"No, Callado, I suffered nothing.

788
00:56:10,454 --> 00:56:14,833
I was arrested because of things
I knew could get me arrested.

789
00:56:14,833 --> 00:56:18,522
I could've anticipated it.
I knew."

790
00:56:20,452 --> 00:56:26,572
I would very much like
to leave behind,

791
00:56:26,572 --> 00:56:32,196
when I die,
a world that is better than before.

792
00:56:32,196 --> 00:56:33,551
To not reach that...

793
00:56:33,551 --> 00:56:39,156
I don't really think it is all
presumptuous to say that.

794
00:56:39,156 --> 00:56:45,476
I so wanted to see a more just,
more serious, more honest world.

795
00:56:45,476 --> 00:56:50,685
That is something
I saw very dramatically in Cuba.

796
00:56:50,685 --> 00:56:54,876
I am perfectly aware
that some of the criticism

797
00:56:54,876 --> 00:56:59,088
towards Fidel's government
are genuine and legitimate.

798
00:56:59,088 --> 00:57:03,273
There's the eternal issue
with authority over there.

799
00:57:03,273 --> 00:57:08,474
But, in relation to Latin America,
to the indecency that is Latin America,

800
00:57:08,474 --> 00:57:13,409
the lack of morals,
the Latin American endemic evil

801
00:57:13,409 --> 00:57:16,581
that we don't starve
and live a decent life

802
00:57:16,581 --> 00:57:22,468
when compared to the miserable masses
of this starving continent.

803
00:57:22,468 --> 00:57:27,603
I think of Cuba
and I say: "There's a work of art."

804
00:57:29,501 --> 00:57:32,539
And I confess that I could
and should be doing much more

805
00:57:32,539 --> 00:57:34,315
than just writing books.

806
00:57:56,838 --> 00:58:02,159
In conclusion, representing
the members of this ceremony

807
00:58:02,159 --> 00:58:08,947
Here's the famed Brazilian writer,
Antonio Callado.

808
00:58:22,285 --> 00:58:25,240
Commander Fidel Castro,

809
00:58:25,807 --> 00:58:30,063
fellow ladies and gentlemen,
Cuban and B

Translation education Other - Brasillis
Experience Years of experience: 17. Registered at ProZ.com: Apr 2018.
ProZ.com Certified PRO certificate(s) N/A
Credentials English to Portuguese (Brasillis Idiomas)
English to Portuguese (Associação Brasileira de Tradutores)
Portuguese to English (Associação Brasileira de Tradutores)
Portuguese to English (Brasillis Idiomas)
Spanish to Portuguese (Associação Brasileira de Tradutores)


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CV/Resume English (PDF)
Bio

For over 10 years I plied my trade as a lawyer in Brazil's biggest law firms in which I would always get drafted into working with their foreign clients. That gave me an enormous amount of experience in the legal jargon and allowed me to master it, making me the number one choice for all translations within the firms. When I realized that the market in Brazil for good legal translators was sorely lacking, I started GAD Traduções (www.gadtrad.com.br), a company whose first goal was to render good, solid translation services for the law firms in Brazil. Over the years, I have also educated myself into becoming a more well-rounded translator, which allows me, today, to essentially and effectively see to any clients' needs when it comes to translations.

Keywords: Legal, cinema, movies, audiovisual, television, series, subtitles, dubbing, voiceover, transcreation. See more.Legal, cinema, movies, audiovisual, television, series, subtitles, dubbing, voiceover, transcreation, translation, interpretation, english, portuguese, dublagem, legendagem, tradução, português, inglês. See less.


Profile last updated
Jan 17, 2022