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Sample translations submitted: 2
English to Indonesian: The Real Reason Children Love Fantasy General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Psychology
Source text - English In fact, cognitive science suggests that children may love fantasy not because they can’t appreciate the truth or because their lives are difficult, but for precisely the opposite reason. Children may have such an affinity for the imaginary just because they are so single-mindedly devoted to finding the truth, and because their lives are protected in order to allow them to do so.
At first, you might think that the idea that children are intuitive scientists would be completely at odds with the childhood passion for fantasy. But in fact, theorizing and fantasizing have a lot in common. A theory, in science or in everyday life, doesn’t just describe one particular way the world happens to be at the moment. Instead, having a theory tells you about the ways the world could have been in the past or might be in the future.
What’s more, a theory can tell you that some of those ways the world can be are more likely than others. A theory lays out a map of possible worlds and tells you how probable each possibility is. And a theory provides a kind of logic for getting to conclusions from premises—if the theory is correct, and if you accept certain premises, then certain conclusions and not others will follow.
From the perspective of my hunter-gatherer forebears in the Pleistocene Era, everything in the room I write in—the ceramic cup and the carpentered chair no less than the electric light and the computer—was as imaginary, as unreal, as fantastic as Narnia or Hogwarts. The uniquely human evolutionary gift is to combine imagination and logic to articulate possible worlds and then make them real.
Translation - Indonesian Kajian kognitif menunjukkan bahwa anak-anak menyukai cerita fantasi bukan karena mereka tidak dapat menghargai kebenaran, atau karena hidup mereka susah. Justru sebaliknya, anak-anak tertarik dengan dunia khayal karena mereka begitu fokus mengabdikan diri untuk mencari kebenaran dan hidup yang terlindungi memungkinkan mereka melakukannya.
Awalnya, Anda mungkin menganggap gagasan bahwa anak adalah ilmuwan intuitif bertentangan dengan antusiasme mereka terhadap fantasi. Faktanya, berteori dan berfantasi punya banyak kesamaan. Sebuah teori, baik ilmiah maupun keseharian, tidak hanya menguraikan kaidah tunggal tentang cara kerja dunia. Sebaliknya, teori memaparkan cara-cara kerja dunia di masa lalu, dan mungkin juga, di masa depan.
Terlebih, sebuah teori dapat memberitahu Anda bahwa sejumlah cara lebih mungkin diwujudkan ketimbang yang lain. Teori membentangkan peta dunia-dunia kebolehjadian, serta seberapa besar peluang masing-masing untuk terwujud. Teori juga memberi kesempatan kepada logika untuk mencapai kesimpulan berdasarkan sejumlah premis—jika teori itu benar, dan Anda menerima premis tertentu, yang terbentuk adalah kesimpulan tertentu dan bukan lainnya.
Dari sudut pandang nenek moyang kita, masyarakat pemburu-pengumpul di kala Pleistosen, setiap benda di sekeliling kita—mulai dari cangkir keramik, kursi kayu, lampu, hingga komputer—adalah khayalan, sama tidak nyatanya, sama khayalinya, dan sama ajaibnya dengan Narnia atau Hogwarts. Karunia unik manusia yang evolusioner memampukan kita memadukan imajinasi dan logika untuk menjabarkan dunia-dunia kebolehjadian, serta mewujudkan mereka menjadi kenyataan.
English to Indonesian: Mars May Have Had a Planet-Wide System of Underground Lakes General field: Science Detailed field: Geology
Source text - English A study of 24 craters shows they experienced the simultaneous rise and fall of groundwater, suggesting they were interconnected at one time.
In previous studies, models indicated that Mars likely had a planetary groundwater system or regional aquifers at one time, reports Yasmin Tayag at Inverse, but this is the first study to offer evidence. Looking at 24 images of deep, enclosed craters in the planet’s northern hemisphere captured by the European Space Agency's Mars Express probe and NASA’s Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the team found features on the crater floors that they believe could only be carved by rising and falling groundwater, including deltas, channels etched into crater walls, terraces caused by standing water, and valleys made by water funneling out of the craters.
The massive subsurface water system on Mars is something very different from what has been discovered on Earth. That’s because, Salese tells Tayag at Inverse, Mars is a “one-plate planet,” meaning its crust is composed of one solid piece, unlike Earth which has seven major tectonic plates and many minor plates. That means the groundwater system on Mars could be interconnected without being cut off from other regions by plate boundaries.
The other major finding from the study is the presence of certain clays, carbonates and silicates in five of the craters studied, minerals that are linked to the emergence of life on Earth. These basins were deep enough that they would have been soaked in Martian groundwater for a long time—long enough to host the emergence of life or to allow life to persist, even as the rest of the planet dried out. That puts them at the top of the list of sites to search for evidence that life once existed on the fourth planet from the sun.
Translation - Indonesian Studi terhadap 24 kawah Mars menunjukkan pasang-surut air tanah yang berkesinambungan, pertanda kawah-kawah itu dahulu pernah saling terhubung.
Model-model penelitian sebelumnya mengarah pada kemungkinan bahwa Mars memiliki sistem air tanah berskala planet atau sejumlah akuifer regional, seperti dilansir Yasmin Tayag dari Inverse. Namun, baru kali ini kajian tersebut menghasilkan bukti. Berdasarkan 24 citra kawah gelap dan tertutup di belahan utara planet—yang ditangkap wahana antariksa Mars Express milik European Space Agency (ESA) dan Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter milik NASA—tim peneliti mendapati fitur-fitur di lantai kawah yang dipercaya hanya dapat dihasilkan dari naik-turunnya air tanah; termasuk pula, sejumlah muara, kanal yang mengukir dinding kawah, teras yang tercipta akibat air diam (genangan), serta lembah yang terbentuk dari aliran air ke luar kawah.
Sistem masif air bawah-permukaan Mars amat berbeda dengan yang ada di Bumi. Ini karena Mars merupakan “planet satu-lempeng”, tutur Salese kepada Tayag di Inverse. Kerak planetnya tersusun dari satu potongan solid, tidak seperti Bumi yang memiliki tujuh lempeng tektonik utama dan banyak lempeng minor. Artinya, sistem air tanah Mars mungkin terhubung tanpa putus dari satu wilayah ke wilayah lain dalam cakupan lempengnya.
Temuan penting lain dalam penelitian ini adalah keberadaan jenis lempung tertentu, karbonat dan silikat di lima kawah yang dipelajari, yaitu mineral-mineral yang berhubungan dengan munculnya kehidupan di Bumi. Cekungan-cekungan ini cukup dalam sehingga sempat terendam lama dalam air tanah Mars—waktu yang memadai untuk mewadahi kemunculan kehidupan atau mempertahankan bentuk-bentuk kehidupan yang ada, bahkan ketika seluruh planet mengalami kekeringan. Temuan ini menempatkan semua area tersebut dalam daftar teratas situs yang harus dijelajahi untuk mencari bukti pernah adanya kehidupan di planet urutan keempat dari matahari tersebut.
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Years of experience: 7. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2018.
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