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Spanish to English: Except from handbook on Gender-based Violence General field: Other
Source text - Spanish 2. Definición , tipología y características
Definición violencia de género:
“Todo acto de violencia basado en la pertenencia al sexo femenino que causa, o es susceptible de causar a las mujeres, daño o sufrimiento físico, psicológico y sexual, e incluye las amenazas de tales actos y la restricción o privación arbitraria de la libertad, tanto en la vida pública como privada”. (Art.1 de la “Declaración sobre la eliminación de la violencia contra la mujer” de las Naciones Unidas, 1993).
La violencia de género está enraizada en el sistema patriarcal, el cual considera que en base a una diferencia biológica se construyan relaciones desiguales de poder entre los sexos. La manifestación más extrema del dominio sobre las mujeres es la violencia que se ejerce contra ellas por el simple hecho de serlo.
Tipologías de violencia:
La violencia de género adopta múltiples formas en diferentes ámbitos, pero el denominador común es que dicha violencia es ejercida por hombres hacia mujeres. Por lo tanto, el factor de riesgo es ser mujer.
La violencia se puede reproducir en el espacio doméstico y/o en el espacio público (esto incluye lugar de trabajo, centros de salud, escuelas, en la calle, centros comunitarios, transportes, lug in oares de ocio, instituciones públicas, etc).
La violencia doméstica es el tipo de violencia más reconocida por hacer referencia al espacio privado y relacional donde ocurre la violencia. Sin embargo, el término “doméstica” no caracteriza a la violencia en sí misma. Es decir, las expresiones violencia doméstica o intrafamiliar hacen referencia a un tipo de violencia que ocurre en el hogar pero no tiene por qué ser siempre violencia de género. La violencia doméstica puede darse entre los diferentes miembros de una familia (entre hijxs-progenitores-familiares cercanos, etc), pero el término violencia doméstica no especifica claramente cuáles son las causas, ni las formas, ni los objetivos de dicha violencia. En cambio, cuando usamos el término violencia de género queda claramente definido que nos estamos refiriendo a un tipo de violencia cuyo objetivo es mantener el control y la subordinación de la mujer al hombre. Por tanto, debemos hablar de violencia de género en el espacio doméstico o público, pero no de violencia doméstica, cuando queremos referirnos a la violencia ejercida contra la mujer, aunque sea en su propia casa.
Translation - English 2. Definitions, types and characteristics of Gender-based Violence
Gender- based violence definition:
'Any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual or psychological harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivations of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life.'
Article 1 of the UN Declaration on the Elimination of Violence against Women, 1993
Gender-based violence is deeply rooted in the patriarchy, which uses its belief in biological difference to construct unequal power relations between genders. The most extreme way this power is exercised is when violence is enacted upon women, based on the sole fact that they are women.
Types of Violence
Gender-based violence comes in many forms depending on the environment, but it is most commonly recognised as violence committed against women at the hands of men. Therefore the main risk factor is being a woman.
Violence can occur in both the private and public sphere, including the workplace, health centres, school, the street, community centres, transport, leisure areas, public institutions, etc.
Note on Domestic Violence
Domestic violence is the most widely recognised type of abuse associated with gender-based violence. The term domestic, however, does not correctly characterise the type of violence; it solely defines the space in which the violence takes place, not against whom it is perpetrated. Although the large majority of victims are women and girls, domestic violence by definition can be perpetrated by anyone, against anyone (children, parents, other close family members). The term does not take into account the power dynamics which are at play in cases of gender-based violence. When we use the term gender-based violence, it is clear that we are referring to a type of violence perpetuated against women to keep them subordinate in a patriarchal system. Instead of speaking of domestic violence when referring to violence against women, it is important to use the more accurate term gender based violence, and then to specify where it occurs, whether that is at home or in public.
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Bachelor's degree - King's College London
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Years of experience: 8. Registered at ProZ.com: Jul 2018.
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Born into a bi-lingual Italian/English family, I now also speak Spanish at native level, with a high level of Brazilian Portuguese.
I studied BA Hispanic Studies and Portuguese and Brazilian Studies at King's College London, with a focus on Art and Art History, Literature and Music.
I have seven years of experience interpreting and translating for migrant support organisations in both the UK and Spain.
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