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Korean to English: Clinical trial of efficacy of peginesatide in treating anemia in CKD patient General field: Medical Detailed field: Medical (general)
Source text - Korean 만성 신질환자에서 빈혈에 대한 페기네사타이드(peginesatide)의 효능은 2상 임상시험을 통해 입증되었다. 시약투여 전 12주 동안 투석과 조혈자극제 치료를 모두 안 받은 환자들이 초기 페기네사타이드 용량(체중대비용량, 절대용량)과 투여경로(정맥주사, 피하주사), 투여빈도(2주 1회, 4주 1회)에 따라 10군으로 순차적으로 배정되었다. 전체 환자 중에서는 96%의 환자에서 헤모글로빈 반응이 나타났다. 헤모글로빈의 증가에서는 용량반응관계가 보였다. 피하주사나 정맥주사를 유사한 용량으로 투여했을 경우 두 환자군에서 비슷한 수준의 헤모글로빈 반응이 나타났다. 헤모글로빈의 빠른 상승과 1 g/dL 이상의 헤모글로빈 변동은 4주 1회 투여하는 환자보다 2주 1회 투여하는 환자에서 더 많이 일어나는 경향이 있었다. 본 연구는 비투석 만성 신질환자에서 4주 1회 페기네사타이드를 투여하는 것이 헤모글로빈 수치를 증가시키거나 유지하는 데 효과적이라는 것을 처음으로 입증했다는 점에서 의미가 있다. 에포에틴 알파(epoetin alfa) 치료 받고 있는 투석 환자는 성공적으로4주 1회의 페기네사타이드 치료로 바꿀 수 있다는 것이 3상 임상시험을 통해 밝혀졌다.
Translation - English This study aimed to test the efficacy of peginesatide in treating anemia in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) by using a Phase 2 clinical trial. Our study population consisted of patients who were not on dialysis or received an erythropoiesis-stimulating agent in the 12 weeks prior to administering the test drug. The population was divided into ten cohorts that differed in the initial dose of peginesatide (weight-based vs. fixed dose), administration route (intravenous vs. subcutaneous injection), and administration frequency (every-2-week vs. every-4-week dosing); each patient was sequentially assigned to a cohort. Among all patients, 96% showed a hemoglobin (Hb) response, and an evident dose-response relationship was observed. The Hb responses were similar when the doses administered by intravenous and subcutaneous injections were similar. The patients who received every-4-week dosing tended to show more rapid Hb elevation and fluctuation in Hb of over 1 g/dL than the patients who received every-2-week dosing. To the best of our knowledge, the present study is the first to prove that every-4-week dosing of peginesatide is more effective in increasing or maintaining Hb levels in CKD patients not undergoing dialysis. A Phase 3 clinical trial showed that dialysis patients being treated with epoetin alfa can successfully transition to every-4-week dosing of peginesatide.
Korean to English: teaching–learning models for moral education General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Social Science, Sociology, Ethics, etc.
Source text - Korean 이 논문에서 고찰한 인문학의 철학적 심리학적 근거들을 토대로 구안한 도덕과 교수 학습모형으로는 인문학적 상상을 통한 도덕적 추론 학습 모형, 공동추론을 통한 도덕적 대화 학습 모형, 분별 있는 관찰자 되어 보기를 통한 합리적 감정 학습모형, 소크라테스식 논쟁을 통한 비판적 사유 성찰 학습 모형, 디지털 인문콘텐츠 활용 학습 모형이 있다. 이를 통해서 단지 진부한 관념 차원의 도덕학습이 아니라 학생들이 능동적인 학습의 주체가 되어 적극적으로 도덕 수업에 참여하고 바람직한 인격과 정의로운 시민의 자질을 도야할 수 있는방법적 태도를 익히며, 인문교양요소들이 포함된 보다 확장된 개념으로써도덕성을 체화할 수 있다.
이상과 같이 이 논문에서는 인문학의 개념과 본질에 근거하고 도덕과교육과 인문학의 관계성을 따져 이들 간 학제적 연구의 타당성을 논증하였으며, 이를 종합하여 인문학을 활용한 도덕과 교육의 개선방안을 마련하였다. 그러나 한 가지 분명히 밝히고자 함은, 도덕과 교육과 인문학이 많은부분에서 친화적이고 연계되는 것이 사실이지만, 그렇다 하더라도 이 논문의 궁극적 의도를 ‘도덕과 교육은 학문적 영역에 있어 인문학 속으로 편입되어야 한다’ 거나 도덕과 교육은 전적으로 ‘인문학화' 되어야 한다고 해석하는 것은 잘못된 해석이라는 점이다. 도덕과 교육은 고유의 학문적 성격과목표, 교육과정의 체계를 갖고 있으며, 인문학과는 명확히 구분되는 교과교육학적 특징과 차이점을 갖는다. 이 논문이 의도하는 바는 도덕과 교육이보다 도덕과 교육다운 학문적 체계와 정체성을 확립하여 온전해지길 바라는 것이며, 다만 이러한 맥락에서 도덕과 교육이 문학, 역사, 철학, 예술 등의 인문학을 교과내용 및 방법 면에서 적극 활용한다면 보다 온전한 도덕과 교육을 실현할 수 있다는 점을 보여주고자 한 것이다. 이를 통해서 타교과 내지 인문학과는 차별화되는 ‘도덕과 교육’의 고유한 성격과 정체성을보다 분명하게 드러낼 수 있다. 도덕과는 인문학을 통하여 보다 ‘도덕과 다운’ 모습을 드러낼 수 있다.
Translation - English This article discusses teaching–learning models for moral education based on the philosophical and psychological foundation of the humanities. The teaching–learning model includes a learning model for the following: moral reasoning through humanistic imagination, moral dialog through collaborative reasoning, rational emotions as a reasoning spectator, critical thinking through the Socratic method, and digital humanities content. These new approaches could enhance students’ participation as active learners in moral education beyond abstract approaches to mundane morality. Furthermore, these new approaches could allow students to learn and adopt methodological attitudes to develop appropriate qualities and citizenship as well as to embody morality, including humanistic elements, more extensively.
As mentioned above, based on the concept and essence of the humanities, this study argues for the relevance of interdisciplinary research between moral education and the humanities. Building on this argument, the study proposes a plan of improvement for moral education through the humanities. However, to be clear, despite the fact that education and the humanities are affiliated and connected in many ways, the proposal should not lead to erroneous interpretations such as “moral education should be incorporated into the humanities as one academic field,” or that “moral education should completely depend on the humanities.” Moral education has its unique academic characteristics, objectives, and curricula, possessing pedagogical characteristics and differences that are clearly distinct from the humanities. This study aims to perfect moral education using an appropriate disciplinary system and identity. In this regard, this study further shows that moral education can be perfected by using humanities such as literature, history, philosophy, and arts in the content and curriculum. Thus, these new approaches could more clearly reveal the characteristics and identity of “moral education” as being distinct from the humanities or other disciplines. The use of the humanities could “perfect” moral education.
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Bachelor's degree - University of Texas
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Years of experience: 18. Registered at ProZ.com: Jun 2019.
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I have been translai have been translator and interpreter since year 2003.
Worked as Marketing Director, Office Manager ,Majored in business in marketing and fashion design and technic. But throughout all those years I have worked as translator and interpreter and my specialty area is medical interpretation, marketing, business, subtitle, voice over, literature and games. Also interpreting and EA at the same time.
Keywords: Medical, Marketing, Literature, Game, Travel, Customer Service, subtitle, Korean to English, English to Korean, Art. See more.Medical, Marketing, Literature, Game, Travel, Customer Service, subtitle, Korean to English, English to Korean, Art, Food Industry, General, Legal, Other. See less.
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