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English to Chinese: The Review of Financial Studies (excerpt) General field: Bus/Financial
Source text - English Global political uncertainty can influence equity returns through two fundamental channels: shocks to expected cash flows and/or shocks to discount rates (expected returns). Cash flows can be sensitive to government policy. For example, a “hard” Brexit may result in a substantial increase in the tariffs (more than $3.4 billion) that German manufacturers face on their sales to the United Kingdom that could have a large and negative impact on these German firms’ future cash flows given that the United Kingdom is the third most important export market for German products. Similarly, the 2016 U.S. Presidential election result ushered in a new era of inward-looking policies that may lead to the deterioration of U.S. trade relations with other countries, thus influencing the cash flows of non-U.S. firms reliant on U.S. trade.
Alternatively, global political uncertainty might affect discount rates by raising investors’ risk aversion. Researchers suggest that investors’ risk aversion can shift substantially when faced with external shocks. They also find that an increase in investors’ risk aversion leads them to divest risky assets like stocks. The International Monetary Fund has also produced reports suggesting that political shocks can spillover from one country to others and “raise global risk aversion, resulting in sharp corrections in financial markets”. To disentangle whether the cash flow channel or the discount rate channel drive the result, the researchers implement a variety of approaches.
Translation - Chinese 全球政治不确定性可通过两个基本渠道影响股票收益：对预期现金流的冲击和/或对贴现率（预期收益）的冲击。现金流对政府政策比较敏感。例如，“硬”脱欧可能导致德国生产商在向英国销售时所面临的关税大幅增加（超34亿美元）。鉴于英国是德国产品的第三大重要出口市场，这可能会对这些德国企业的未来现金流产生巨大的负面影响。同样，在由2016年美国总统大选结果开启的内向型政策新时代，美国与其他国家的贸易关系可能会恶化，从而影响依赖于美国贸易的非美国企业的现金流状况。
The two Parties hereby agree that this Agreement is for consultation and discussion purpose only and poses no legal-binding or enforceable obligations onto either Party herein.
All changes shall be subject to the agreement formally signed by both Parties.
CONFIDENTIALITY AGREEMENT
This AGREEMENT is made and entered into on this day of , by and between [1} China UnionPay Co., LTD.{2][3} and JCB Co., Ltd.{4] (hereinafter called “Company”), and JCB Co., Ltd., JCB International Co., Ltd., and JCB International Business Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.[3} (hereinafter called “JCB”){4].
“Company” and “JCB” are individually a “Party” or collectively “Parties”.
In considerations of the Parties’ agreement to participate in the activities described below, the Parties agree as follows:
Article 1[1][1]Purpose
The purpose of this Agreement is to maintain in confidence the various confidential information, which is provided between the Company and JCB to perform the item (1) and item (2) of the considerations (hereinafter called “Consideration”) set forth in below:
(1) Cooperation on infrastructure and system of Bank Card Clearing Center
(2) Cooperation on bank card product and transaction processing
Article 2[1][1]Confidential Information
In this Agreement, Confidential Information shall mean any and all information related to the cooperation or arising out of such cooperation in nature of commercial, marketing, technical, operation data and among others, which is disclosed during the term of this Agreement by the Party disclosing such information for Consideration (hereinafter called “Disclosing Party”) to the Party receiving such information (hereinafter called “Receiving Party”), regardless of in any form or via any medium or whether such information is indicated as confidential through oral, image, or in writing during the time of disclosure; it can be tangible entities (including electronic and magnetic media such as E-mail) such as technical materials, drawings, and any other relevant materials, or can be transmitted via oral communication and other audio and visual means.
Confidential Information also includes any and all information stated as confidential and disclosed orally and specified in writing as confidential within seven (7) days after the disclosure, as well as any and all deliverables arising from or in relation to Consideration.
The “Confidential Information” stated by this Agreement not only consists of information to be disclosed subsequent to the conclusion of this Agreement, but also information already disclosed before this Agreement is made.
Notwithstanding the provision above, any of the following information shall not be treated as Confidential Information under this Agreement:
Information which is already known to the public at the time of disclosure;
Information which is already rightfully in the possession of the Receiving Party at the time of disclosure without the Receiving Party being under any obligation of confidence;
Information which is or becomes known to the public for any cause other than that attributable to the Receiving Party;
Information lawfully obtained by the Receiving Party from a third party other than the Disclosing Party without the Receiving Party being under any obligation of confidence; or
Information independently developed by the Receiving Party without depending on the disclosed information.
Article 3[1][1]Preservation of Confidentiality
Neither the Company nor JCB shall disclose or divulge any part of the Confidential Information to any third party without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party.
However, in the event that the Receiving Party is required to disclose any part of the of Confidential Information by any applicable law, regulation or order of governmental organizations and the like, the Receiving Party may disclose the said Confidential Information at the minimum extent that the Receiving Party is required.
In such event, the Receiving Party shall immediately inform the Disclosing Party thereof before the disclosure, and shall make reasonable efforts to maintain the Confidential Information in confidence.
Each of the Company and JCB shall, in order to strictly observe the obligation of confidence set forth in this Article, maintain the Confidential Information with the due care of a good manager.
Each of the Company and JCB shall disclose the Confidential Information only to its own officers and employees (hereinafter collectively called “Employees”) for whom the said Confidential Information is necessary, and shall impose on the Employees the same degree of obligation of confidentiality as those imposed under this Agreement, and shall be responsible for the handling of the Confidential Information by its own Employees.
Each of the Company and JCB shall, after the Employees retire, impose on retired Employees the same degree of obligation of confidentiality as those imposed under this Agreement.
Neither the Company nor JCB shall, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party, reproduce any part of the Confidential Information.
Each of Company and JCB shall, in the event of reproducing any part of the Confidential Information pursuant to this Article, place on the said reproduction the copyright notice and other such notices which are placed on the said Confidential Information.
Article 4[1][1]Exclusive Cooperation
Within \[180] days after the Agreement goes into effect, JCB and its shareholders, directors, employees or their relatives, affiliated parties or consultants must not, directly or indirectly, take any action to establish contact with third parties with respect to any cooperation identical or similar with the content of the present cooperation, or sign any agreement or arrangement identical or similar with the content of the present cooperation, without prior written consent from the Company.
Article 5[1][1]Prohibition of Use for Other Purposes
Neither the Company nor JCB may, without the prior written consent of the Disclosing Party, use any part of the Confidential Information for any purpose whatsoever other than the purpose of the Consideration under this Agreement.
Article 6[1][1]Return of Confidential Information
Each of the Company and JCB shall, upon termination or completion of the Consideration or upon request by the Disclosing Party, promptly return to the Disclosing Party or destroy the Confidential Information and any and all reproductions thereof, and notify the Disclosing Party when the Confidential Information and any and all reproductions thereof are destroyed.
Article 7[1][1]Proprietary
Any and all rights to intellectual property rights such as copyrights and patent rights, as well as to know-how, etc. of the Confidential Information disclosed by the Disclosing Party to the Receiving Party under this Agreement shall belong to the Disclosing Party,
and shall not be deemed as any assignment or transfer of any right to the Receiving Party, or as granting to the Receiving Party any license to use or utilization other than those as provided in this Agreement.
Article 8[1][1]Handling of Inventions, etc.
Under the condition that the other Party’s authorization and approval is acquired, any invention, device or design (hereinafter called “Invention”) and other intellectual property rights in any form that is created by the Company or JCB based on the Confidential Information disclosed by the Disclosing party and by being the Receiving Party of such information, should be jointly owned by both Parties.
Neither Party, without prior written consent from the other Party, may use the aforementioned jointly-owned intellectual property rights for any other purpose whatsoever during the term or after the termination of the Agreement, except for the Consideration stated under Article 1 of the Agreement.
Article 9[1][1]Indemnification
Each of Company and JCB may, in the event that the other party is in breach of this Agreement, demand damages and seek remedies of injunction, unless such breach arises out of or is in relation to any event of force majeure, including but not limited to natural disasters.
Article 10[1][1]Term and Termination
This Agreement becomes effective on and from the date of execution and will continue to be effective for three (3) years from the date of execution hereof.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, JCB or the Company shall have the right to terminate this Agreement by giving a written notice to the other Party upon the occurrence of any of the following events:
Any Party or any director, officer or important employee (general manager, executive officer, supervisor or any other highly-ranked employee having a right to manage or supervise the whole or any part of business of the Company), or controlling shareholder of any Party or any other person who substantially controls such Party, is found to be or have been a member of or involved in any activity of the Anti-Social Group (as hereinafter defined);
Any Party is found to have a transactional relationship with the Anti-Social Group or otherwise provide or receive any assistance or benefit to or from the Anti-Social Group, and fails to terminate the said transactional relationship or otherwise provision or receipt of the said assistance or benefits with the Anti-Social Group within 30 days after receiving a written notice from the other Party requesting to do so.
In this Article, "Anti-Social Group" shall mean an organization or an individual pursuing unlawful activities such as engaging in violence, threat of force, intimidation, fraud and spreading false rumors, including but not limited to, a terrorist or terrorist group, and an individual or an organization designated by the Chinese or Japanese government as being subject to economic sanctions.
The provisions of Article 2 (Confidential Information), Article 3 (Preservation of Confidentiality), Article 5 (Prohibition of Use for other Purposes), Article 6 (Return of Confidential Information), Article 8 (Handling of Inventions, etc.), Article 9 (Indemnification), Article 13 (Notice), Article 14 (No Waiver), Article 15 (Language), Article 16 (Governing Law) and Article 17 (Dispute Resolution) shall survive expiration or termination of this Agreement.
Article 11[1][1]Non-assignment
Neither the Company nor JCB may, without the prior written consent of the other party, assign, transfer by succession or pledge any of the rights or obligations against the other party under this Agreement to any third party.
Article 12[1]Amendment
This Agreement may not be amended, modified or supplemented unless the Company and JCB agree in writing.
Article 13[1][1]Notice
Unless otherwise provided in this Agreement, any notice, demand or other communication to be served from any Party under this Agreement may be served upon any party hereto by hand delivery or by courier to the other party.
Such information is to be served at its address given below or at such other address as it may from time to time notify, in writing, to the other party hereto:
[1}\[Company] {2]
Address:
Attn:
\[JCB] JCB International Business Consulting (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.
Address:
Room 131, 13th Floor, Hang Seng Bank Tower, 1000 Lujiazui Ring Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai
Attn:
Mr. Justin Jin
If a notice given to the other party at the above address is delayed or not delivered as a result of the failure by the other party to notify change of address, such notice shall be deemed to have arrived at the time when it should have normally arrived.
Article 14[1][1]No Waiver
No waiver of any term, provision or condition of this Agreement shall be effective unless such waiver is evidenced in writing and signed by the waiving party.
Further, no omission or delay on the party of any party hereto in exercising any right, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise thereof or any other right, power or privilege.
Article 15[1][1] Language
This Agreement shall be prepared in the Chinese and English versions with equal legal effects.
If there is any discrepancy between the English version and the Chinese version, the Chinese version shall prevail.
Article 16[1][1]Governing Law
This Agreement shall be governed by, and all rights, obligations and liabilities hereunder shall be construed in accordance with the laws of China.
Article 17[1][1]Dispute Resolution
All disputes, controversies or differences which may arise between the parties hereto, out of or in relation to this Agreement may be filed to Chinese courts with right of jurisdiction.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have hereby caused this Agreement executed in duplicate by their duly authorized representatives, with one copy each being held by each party.
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Translation education
Bachelor's degree - South China Agricultural University
Experience
Years of experience: 9. Registered at ProZ.com: Feb 2021.
English to Chinese (Translators Association of China) English to Chinese (Translators Association of China)
Memberships
N/A
Software
Adobe Acrobat, AutoCAD, memoQ, Microsoft 365, Microsoft Excel, Microsoft Word, Wordfast pro, Smartcat, Trados Studio
CV/Resume
CV available upon request
Professional objectives
Meet new end/direct clients
Network with other language professionals
Get help with terminology and resources
Learn more about translation / improve my skills
Learn more about interpreting / improve my skills
Stay up to date on what is happening in the language industry
Help or teach others with what I have learned over the years
Improve my productivity
Bio
Hi, this is Bill, a certified Chinese<>English translator/interpreter based in China with 8 years of practice, looking to expand my service coverage here on Proz.com, a vibrant venue for language service providers and those who desire quality deliverables.
Proz is a new forum for me where I might not be able to showcase tons of positive feedback in my profile due to the lack of non-native clients in the past, but clients I have served, individuals, private companies, business organizations alike, rate me as a qualified professional and one of their first choices.
I'll be more than willing to give what I have to offer regarding language services and to be viewed as a long-term partner with respectful clients.
Please feel free to contact me if you are looking for translation and/or interpretation services.
My Area
Legal
Finance
Game
Marketing
Tool
MemoQ, Trados, Wordfast
Some of My Projects
·World Bank
World Bank Doing Business Report and Response from Government (60,000 words)
·Local Cultural and Tourism Ministry
Marketing Materials for the World Tourism Association Convention (20,000 words)
·China UnionPay
NDA / Cooperation Agreement (50,000 words)
·Western Digital
Product manual and website localization (30,000 words)
