angielski > polski Technika/inżynieria Biologia, biotechnologia, biochemia, mikrobiologia

For example, a biomolecule or biological or chemical substance may be immobilized to a surface of the reaction structure using adsorption techniques including non-covalent interactions (e.g., electrostatic forces, van der Waals, and dehydration of hydrophobic interfaces) and covalent binding techniques where functional groups or linkers facilitate attaching the biomolecules to the surface.

https://www.freepatentsonline.com/y2019/0196108.html